Analysis Of Barry s Seeing Systems - Unlocking The...

More often than not, individuals in an organization display extremely predictable patterns of behavior that they need to break out of in order to achieve success. However, altering behaviors can be extremely challenging. Barry Oshry’s â€Å"Seeing Systems – Unlocking the Mysteries of Organizational Life† (Oshry, 1995) shows how organizations are composed of ‘Tops†, ‘Middles’ and â€Å"Bottoms† and how each of these different hierarchical levels are accustomed to predictable and unhelpful behaviors leading to many issues that organizations face. The PSO organizational simulation conducted in the â€Å"Power and Politics in an Organization† course was extremely helpful in experiencing the system workings of an organization, especially, the predictable and unconstructive behaviors that are exhibited by the â€Å"Tops†, â€Å"Middles† and â€Å"Bottoms†. The conditions and the situations in the simulation r eflected real organizational experiences and integrated a variety of organizational dynamics, particularly power (and powerlessness) and structure. The PSO organization’s primary objective was to make greeting cards for its clients. There were several roles within three different hierarchical levels (top, middle and bottom) that created the structure of the organization. The tops were a small group consisting of 2 executives, the middles comprised of 5 managers (Production manager, HR manager, Finance Manager, General Manager and Food dept. Manager) and the bottoms consisted of around 18 workers. ThereShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:Read MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesrights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher. This McGraw−Hill Primis text may include materials submitted to McGraw−Hill for publication by the instructor of this course. The instructor is solely responsible for the editorial content of suchRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagescourses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to le arn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus

Richard Nixon s Political Career And General American...

In the state of California, specifically southern California resides the birthplace of a significant man to the United States of America. The city of Yorba Linda contains the birthplace of the thirty-seventh president, the first president born in California. Richard Millhouse Nixon was born January 9, 1913 he who would eventually contribute to politics throughout his career. Nixon to most people takes recognition for his negative contributions specifically as a participant of the Watergate scandal. These involvements tend to overlook his entire political career that exists today at the Richard Nixon Library. However, with all the negativity surrounded around Nixon, events exist to further support his contributions to this country. Furthermore, Richard Nixon s library further expands on Nixon s political career and general American government. The emergence of Richard Nixon s political career settles amongst the Richard Nixon library. According to the Nixon foundation, Nixon s uprisin g in politics occurred as he was urged by republican leaders in Whittier to run for a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives. Nixon does eventually win and receive a spot into the House of Representatives in 1946 by defeating a democratic incumbent. Nixon shortly after in 1950 defeats another incumbent to take over as a senator. It is not until shortly after acquiring his seat as a senator Nixon finally receives proper recognition as a political figure in America.Show MoreRelatedRichard Nixon : The Second Of Five Children1561 Words   |  7 Pages Richard Milhous Nixon was born on January 9, 1913 in Yorba Linda California on his father’s lemon farm. Richard Nixon was the second of five children born to Frank Nixon and Hannah Milhous. Unfortunately, two of his brothers died. In 1925, Richard Nixon’s younger brother died and in 1933, his older brother, whom he greatly admired, died of tuberculosis. His ancestors emigrated from Ireland in the 18th century, and settled in Pennsylvania and Indiana. In 1922, Richard Nixon and his family moved toRead MoreRichard Milhous Nixon, 37Th President Of The United States,1505 Words   |  7 Pages  Ã‚  Richard Milhous Nixon, 37th president of the United States, was born January 9, 1913 in Yorba Linda, California. Nixon was one of the most controversial politicians. He used the communist scare of the late forties and early fifties to catapult his career, but as president he eased tension with the Soviet Union and opened relations with Red China. He was president during the civil rights movement and the Vietnam War. Nixon gained valuable experience in international affairs as a new member ofRead MoreRonald Legacy Of Ronald Reagan2084 Words   |  9 Pages Ronald Wilson Reagan was born in Tampico, Illinois on February 6th, 1911. He was born to John Edward Reagan and Nelle Wilson Reagan. 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According Ethical Issues To The Organization-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The According Ethical Issues To The Organization? Answer: Introduction According to (Abutalibov, 2016), an ethical issue can be defined as a situation that will require a person or an organization to make a choice between alternatives that must be evaluated as being right or wrong. Different scholars have diverse definitions of the same but however, the key point remains similar. This essay looks into an organization that has been in the media in the recent past for ethical issues. This essay identifies the organization and the ethical issues it has been mentioned with. It also looks at the risks the organization is facing or might face as a result of these ethical issues. The remedies for the risks caused by the ethical issues are also explored. Research shows that Nestle is one of these companies that have been mentioned in the media with ethical violations. This is a food and beverage Swiss multinational company. Ethical issues related to the organization Nestle is a multinational company from Switzerland that deals with the production of food and beverages. It has been in the media for quite some time for the violation of ethical issues. This company deals with food and drinks and among them is ice-cream, marketing cereals, dairy products, frozen food among other products. (Chell, 2017) .This Company has been associated with several ethical issues. Firstly, it has been associated with a poor baby formula and boycott. This company is said to have pushed their breeding formula to countries that are less developed while targeting the poor knowing very well that it wont be effective. They made it seem that their formula was an alternative to the mother's milk. However, this had several problems. For example, many of the mothers in poor countries like Africa couldnt access clean water and hence used this formula with water that is polluted therefore putting the children into a risk. Water wastage is another ethical issue associated with Nestle Company. Reports claim that Nestle leads in the production of bottled water. However, research shows that 30% of the 700m gallons of water drawn in a year from the ground in California by Nestle are wasted. (Dugan, 2016). This is a major ethical issue because of water, being necessary for all life and a scarce resource should be well used. 30% is quite a high quantity of water that goes to waste every year due to the reckless behavior of the company. The company ignored the fact that water is a universal human right and that everyone should be entitled to safe drinking water. Nestle company has also been associated with child labor in its supply chain. According to (Michalos, 2016), the International Labour Fund filed at one time a case against Nestle on behalf of three children from Mali. They were alleged to have trafficked the children to Cte d'Ivoire, forced them into slavery and that the children experienced frequent beatings in the cocoa plantation. It is said also machetes for harvesting cocoa pods caused many injuries to the people.These claims are many enough prove that Nestle has in so many ways violated children rights which are unethical. According to (Goodstein, 2015) consumers were warned by the food and drugs Administration and the centers for controlling and preventing diseases not to eat some prepackaged Nestle Toll cookie dough because of the risk of contamination with a food bacteria. It has been reported that in the United States it caused illness to fifty people from thirty states where a half of them needed to be hospitalized. In a certain case, it is said that a woman had a fatal infection before the consumed product was realized. It is also said that in China six infants died while 860 people were taken to hospital after consuming Nestle products said to have melamine contamination which is a substance added illegally to food products so as to improve their protein content. Nestle has also been associated with pollution in several ways. This is a major ethical issue that ought to be addressed as quickly as possible because it endangers human life (Crane, 2016) reports that over a year water pollution limits were violated 2152 times in 830 places by companies such as Nestle and Cadbury. It is claimed that the situation caused in China was much worse than any other place. When United States and Europe became more concerned about the environment with some choosing a more sustainable source of water Nestle relocated to Asia where it made several environmental violations. Nestle water manufacturing plant in Shanghai China also strayed operation before facilities for waste water treatment passed an environmental impact assessment. Nestle has also been involved in striking dubious deals to make a profit. It is said that this organization made a deal with Mugabes wife to buy a million liters of milk every year from a farm that was grabbed by owners by Grace Mugabe from its owners. According to (Fiolleau, 2017), the most valuable farms since 2002 owned by the white have been taken by Grace who has built empire for farming farms illegally acquired and t which led to ant his has led to an international boycott and EU and US sanctions. Grace has been known for her lavish lifestyle. Due to this deal, the countrys economy based on agriculture began to collapse with inflation increasing tremendously. This is too unethical. Nestle company has also been associated with poor price fixing. This has been evident with their Kit Kat and other chocolates. It has been reported that the competition bureau in Canada raided this company in an investigation of price fixing. (Hindley, 2017). With this allegation, Nestle Company was faced with a class of lawsuit action that has settled for $9 million with the company not accepting liability. This company has been severally associated with using dubious means to set prices. Nestle company, again has been reported to have been promoting food that is unhealthy and mislabelling. A report that was conducted by UK Association of Consumers show that seven out of fifteen cereals for breakfast that contain high levels of sugar, salt and sugar belong to Nestle (Sekaran, 2016). Nestle labels have not only been misleading but also downright false. It has been associated with the labeling of powdered milk with a different local brand as well as labeling those packets with the wrong production date. Nestle brought old milk that was powdered from another country and labeled it as a new product from the local market. This is both unethical and illegal. Just but to draw the line, Nestle has by being associated with many unethical issues that originate from several factors such as greed for huge profits, ignorance among other causes. Risks for the organization There are several risks that have been faced by Nestle Company for having ethical issues. It is obvious that violation of business ethics will never go unaccounted for. For instance, this company has faced a never ending line of legal issues. In almost every country, the federal and state government usually sets rules and procedures that should be followed by every business. Every business, therefore, has to abide by these set rules so as to operate smoothly. However, if for any reason a business does not abide by them, it faces large fines and penalties (Hough, 2016). This is what has happened to Nestle Company. As it had been discussed earlier, Nestle Company in several occasions has been fined for not adhering to the required ethics and following the already laid procedures and rules. Poor employee performance is also another risk that has faced Nestle Company has faced. It is said that in some cases employees get so much interested in getting ahead and making money to the point of forgetting and ignoring the set procedures and protocols. This actually has a very negative impact on the business because it will lead to very many careless errors and render the already finished job useless and one to be restarted again. This has actually affected Nestle Company. Due to little or no observance of the already laid protocols, employees are reckless and most of the times what they produce is rendered sub standard (Maknlk, 2016). This is why sometimes they brand their products wrongly so as to conceal the flaws in their work. Again, a minority of those employees who abide by the required ethics do not get support and hence dont feel motivated and this affects performance in the company. The company has also faced poor employee relations. This has much affected all the stakeholders in that company and this has resulted in poor management. When the manager shows the lack of business ethics he loses respect from the lower rank employees and it would be very difficult to have a business succeed without well-respected leaders (Savulescu, 2017). Lack of business ethics has also caused lack of trust amongst the employees themselves because they have been used to the fact that none of them bears the quality of integrity. This is because none has shown seriousness in the observance of moral values. The company has lost credibility. This is because the failure of observance of the required ethics has been known by the public. This is one of the dangers that a company could face because it loses key customer base. This is the worst thing with business because it will definitely affect the volume of the sales that a company used to make (Berlin, 2016). It can also render the company incredible and result to customers and consumers withdrawing from the consumption of commodities from a particular company. For the case of Nestle, it has been rendered incredible by much of consumers. Most of the people even fear its products because they have been reported to have adverse effects on the human body. It has also been reported that some people died while others were hospitalized after the consumption of their products. This has a long-term implication that one of these days that company can come into a closure following allegations or lack of enough sales to sustain it. Nestle company has also suffered the risk of incurring big losses. This is one of the greatest risks that a company may suffer and this is because e very investment is aimed at making profits (Noordsy, 2016). Over the recent past, this company has been associated with the manufacture of substandard goods and supplying them to the world market. The fact that consumers are dying after consumption of their products has made them be feared. Everyone began fearing giving money to buy something that could kill him or her. As a result, the companys sales volume decreased. This made them incur big losses. This was evidenced after they began setting prices by dubious means so as to put up for the lost revenue yet violating another ethic. A threat of business closure is another risk that Nestle Company has been facing for quite some time. In China, residents have been complaining about the pollution that this company has been causing. Again, the United States has also laid petition against the water drawn from California of which 30% is wasted (Kliobnt, 2017). In Zambia, residents usually complain about their lands that were grabbed under the Nestle treaty with Grace Mugabe. All the petitions put this company at the risk of closure by affecting the lives of citizens rather than working to better the lives and of the community as a whole. Complaints from these people can anytime see this company closed because it does not uphold high moral standards as required by the law. Lack of business goal satisfaction is another risk facing Nestle Company due to the failure of observance of ethics in business. It is quite clear that most of the activities that the company engages in are not in accordance with the set business guidelines. This leads to poor management leading to poor performance. If a business performance decreases then the productivity goes down (Rhodes, 2016). This affects the business adversely and makes it unlikely to reach its long-term set goals. If a company had the plans that it should have achieved this and that within a specified period of time, then it is unlikely to meet that if it has ethical issues. In the same manner, Nestle Company has faced many challenges in expansion and have not satisfactorily met the set goals. Another risk that Nestle has suffered over the recent past due to ethical issues is poor customer retention. This has mainly occurred due to loss of the company reputation. It is usually very important how a company is viewed by the public. Loss of public image results to customers withdrawing from consumption of that company's commodities. In the same way, Nestle has lost reputation over the recent past making customers refrain from acquiring their commodities. When this happens, it becomes dangerous for the company because this can lead to its Termination if the correct procedures are not taken quickly to correct that. It becomes very difficult to erase what has already been created in the peoples mind about a particular organization (Angelos, 2017). Therefore, as a result of this fact, Nestle in the recent past has not been able to retain customers as they used to do sometimes ago. Product banning is another major risk that has been faced over the recent past. When the quality and standard determining bodies note that a particular product does not meet the quality specification, that product is banned. As discussed earlier in this paper, some of the products from this company were noted to have some adverse effects to human life. It was seen that many people were hospitalized and a few died due to the consumption of Nestle products (Nixon, 2015). This has led to the total ban of some products. For instance, the breakfast cereals that were alleged to have very adverse effects to human life were completely banned. This is because they couldnt be allowed to continue harming or killing people while the standard determining bodies were watching. This is a very great risk because it also affects sales and at long run affects the profit making which is the main objective of any organization. How to resolve these risks In spite of the fact that Nestle Company has lost reputation to a great extent over the recent past, it can still employ some strategies and solution to resolve them. However it would not be too easy for them, they ought to ensure that the correct solutions are put in place very fast. There are a number of these solutions. To begin with, the company can set a new beginning and restate its goal and objective. This will help it abandon all virtues that it used to practice. A new beginning will enable the company started working a fresh so as to uproot all that had been planted by the virtues they practiced (Crane A. .). By this method, the company will take a new direction and with all efforts employed the reputation will be gained again. The company can also get a new management team. It is said that new brooms sweep clean. It would be therefore advisable to acquire a new management team under serious vetting so that the team the existed can leave and pave way for a new beginning. It would be very difficult to make an existing management adopt a new ruling because change is not easy (Congress, 2017). This is why it is advisable to ensure that there is an acquisition of a new team that will take the flag of the company to another level and help clean and restores the blurred image of the company. The company must also rebrand its products. This does not mean using dubious means to deceive the people. This means getting another brand for their products. This is because it would be somewhat difficult to re-convince the people that what used to be their low-quality products are now fit for human consumption (Hedgecoe, 2016). So as to regain the lost taste, they ought to ensure that the old brand is left and adoption of another brand is done as quickly as possible. Another solution would be adhering to the set guidelines and standards. The company should under all cost stop manufacturing substandard or harmful products and observe business ethics. Even if other corrective measures are taken and the company continues producing harmful products the measures would be in vain. Total abstinence from business vices should be taken and high moral standards adhered to (Martinez, 2016). The company should also ensure that it meets the correct standard set by quality regulation bodies beginning from the product quality to environmental management. This company can still use media to reorganize itself. Media is one of the bodies that can make an organization lose or get back its reputation. Since its ethical violation story was covered by the media, this company should also take a step and go to the media and give a report about a new beginning. The only body that makes a lot of impact to the people in the world is media. This is because it is very influential and it is what the people trust in (Beckman, 2016). Therefore, Nestle should go to the media and talk to the public, apologize for all the mistakes done and promise the people a beginning of new quality products. To make it more effective, it can still make a short documentary like an advert that can be displayed in TV stations and also shared over the social media. The company should also set an action plan. This will show all the procedures for ensuring that the Companys reputation is gotten back. This plan will involve all the plans and strategies aimed at the restoration of the company reputation (Brazil, 2017). It should include the action and the role played by different parties in the process. It should also be noted that this plan is not just to be created but rather be implemented too. Before implementing, the company should set targets and say that within a specified period of time the company should have acquired this and that. With this, the company will know whether or not it is making progress. This plan should be worked upon until what is desired is achieved and the best way to achieve this is through determination. Conclusion Conclusively, a company may have different ethical issues whether intentional or as a result of accidental mistakes. This includes and is not limited to sub standard product production as a result of poor management, lack of adequate personnel, resources or out of intention. It should be noted that these issues have very adverse effects to a company or any organization and if not solved can lead to a closure of the business due to order or low-profit margins or huge losses. Ethical issues also make an organization lose reputation and public image. This is what kills the organization. Even though this may happen, it should be appreciated that there are also corrective measures that if well employed can restore the companys image. However, it should be noted that prevention is better than cure and thus every organization should aim at upholding business ethics before things get worse for it. References Abutalibov, R. M. (2016). Ethical 10 issues in business administration and their effects on social and economic development.Sustainability and Management. An International Perspective, pp. 153-155. Angelos, P. H. (2017). Ethical issues in non-intervention trials for thyroid cancer. European Journal of Surgical Oncology, pp. 55-67. Beckman, M. W. (2016). Ethical Issues in the Surgical ICU. In The Surgical Critical Care Handbook: Guidelines for Care of the Surgical Patient in the ICU, pp. 243-247. Berlin, L. (2016). MedicolegalMalpractice and Ethical Issues in Radiology: Potential Risks When Dealing With Self-Referred Patients. American Journal of Roentgenology, pp. 53-57. Brazil, K. M. (2017). Ethical issues experienced by healthcare workers in nursing homes: the Literature review. Nursing ethics, pp. 58-66. Chell, E. S. (2017). Social entrepreneurship and business ethics: does social equal ethical?. Journal of Business Ethics, pp. 212-214. Congress, E. P. (2017). What social workers should know about ethics: Understanding and resolving practice dilemmas. Social Work Ethics, pp. 4,9,40. Crane, A. . (2016). Business ethics. Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization, pp. 30-39. Crane, A. . (n.d.). Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization, pp. 404-412. Dugan, M. T. (2016). Ethical Issues Related to Earnings Management: An Instructional Case. Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies, pp. 44-50. Fiolleau, K. . (2017). Recognizing ethical issues: An examination of practicing industry accountants and accounting students. Journal of Business Ethics, pp. 32-41. Goodstein, J. (2015). Employers and ex-offender reintegration: ethical issues and research opportunities. In Academy of Management Proceedings. Academy of Management, pp. 1174-2000. Hedgecoe, A. (2016). Reputational risk, academic freedom, and research ethics review. Ethic risk management, pp. 76-84. Hindley, A. . (2017). Ethical Issues of Consumer Behaviour. Routledge, pp. 45-50. Hough, M. B. (2016). Does Legitimacy Necessarily Tame Power? Some Ethical Issues in Translating Procedural Justice Principles into Justice Policy. , pp. 65-77. Kliobnt, D. L. (2017). Ethical Issues in the Care of People With Schizophrenia. Ethical risks, pp. 99-106. Maknlk, M. B. (2016). Does Legitimacy Necessarily Tame Power? Some Ethical Issues in Translating Procedural Justice Principles into Justice Policy. , pp. 54-56. Martinez, N. . (2016). Balancing theory and practicality: engaging non-ethicists in ethical decision making related to radiological protection. Journal of Radiological Protection, pp. 87-90. Michalos, A. C. (2016). Issues for business ethics in the nineties and beyond. In How Good Policies and Business Ethics Enhance Good Quality of Life, pp. 177-184. Nixon, I. J. (2015). Ethical issues in non-intervention trials for thyroid cancer. European Journal of Surgical Oncology, pp. 43-50. Noordsy, D. L. (2016). Ethical Issues in the Care of People With Schizophrenia. Ethical issue risks, pp. 67-70. Rhodes, R. (2016). Ethical issues in microbiome research and medicine. BMC medicine journal, pp. 67-80. Savulescu, J. M. (2017). Unexpected Complications Of Novel Deep Brain Stimulation Treatments:. Ethical Issues And Clinical Recommendations. , pp. 90-98. Sekaran, U. . (2016). Research methods for business. A skill building approach. , pp. 54-66

Whats the Best Image Format for Your Website JPEG vs PNG vs GIF

Images on the web come in many formats, such as JPEGs, GIFs, PNGs, and more. In fact, there are so many acronyms that keeping track of them can be complicated – never mind figuring out which is the best image format to use on your website. This guide will explore the advantages of JPEG vs PNG vs GIF.It is important to put some thought into this matter, however, since the formats you use for your sites images have an impact. Some types of graphics look better and dont occupy as much storage space, for example, which translates to better performance without a loss in quality.In this article, were going to talk about why your choice of image formats is vital. Then well break down your options, and help you pick the best image format for your website. Lets take a look! dozens of image formats to choose from. However, when it comes to the web, most people stick to a handful of standbys, including JPEGs, PNGs, and GIFs.Well talk about what makes each of these image types unique in a moment. For now, lets break down why the format(s) you use on your website matter in a more general sense.The types of images you use affect your sites:Performance. Some image formats take up more space than others, which can affect your sites loading times.Appearance. As you might imagine, some image formats include more detail and are higher-quality than others.Scalability. When you stretch or shrink an image too much, its quality will suffer. How much leeway you have depends on the image format you use. This affects your sites ability to look good on both large and small screens.In most cases, youll want to stick to using one or two image formats throughout your website, to maintain a consistent standard. The formats you choose should ideally provide a nice balance between quality and performance.The 3 primary image formats used on the web: JPEG vs PNG vs GIFAs we mentioned earlier, there are some image formats that are used much more commonly online than others. The three optio ns were going to introduce below are some of the most popular and useful formats, which makes them perfect picks for almost any website.1. JPEGThe term JPEG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group, and it was coined in 1986. The main benefits of this format are that it can display millions of colors, and its particularly well-suited to high compression levels.In general, JPEG is an excellent option for displaying complex photographs that include a lot of colors. Heres a quick example:Although JPEGs hold up well when compressed, you can usually notice a small drop in quality after optimizing images. Though, this all depends on the level of compression thats selected for the image. The quality drops arent often noticeable unless youre looking very closely.On the other hand, JPEGs are not perfect for images with very few color data, like interface screenshots and other simple computer-generated graphics. Well cover this more when talking PNGs in the next section:2. PNGPortable Netw ork Graphics (PNGs) are just as popular as JPEGs on websites. They also support millions of colors, although youre much better off using PNGs for images that contain less color data. Otherwise, your image is going to be heavier than the same image saved as a JPEG.Heres an example of a PNG image:This is a screenshot of the WordPress dashboard. PNGs do a great job when you have an image with rapid transitions between colors that need to remain sharp. For example, when youre taking a screenshot of a user interface where different interface elements strongly transition between dark and light backgrounds, its much better to use PNGs. Like this part here the transitions between the white, gray and blue:Saving the image as a JPEG could result in blurry edges and overall distorted presentation.One more advantage of PNGs is the fact that they support transparency. This makes them a fantastic option for logos and icons in particular. Heres a quick example of the ThemeIsle logo in PNG format, with a transparent background:Overall, compressed PNGs are also better when it comes to retaining quality due to the lossless compression algorithm used with PNGs vs the lossy algorithm thats popular with JPEGs.3. GIFUnlike the two formats weve talked about so far, Graphics Interchange Format (GIFs) have far more specific use cases. Although you can have a static GIF image, most people use this format to showcase animations, such as this one:JPEGs and PNGs dont generally support animations (although there is a format called Animated Portable Network Graphics APNGs). That makes GIFs very useful. As you can imagine, however, these types of images weigh a lot, due to the many frames they contain.You can optimize GIF files, but in most cases, the results wont be as good as with other image formats. That means you should aim to use GIFs sparingly throughout your website, only when you need to showcase an animation you cant create any other way (such as with CSS).On top of that, GIFs o nly support up to 256 colors, as well as transparency. That makes them a poor choice for displaying complex images. To make that point even clearer, heres the same graphic we showed you in the previous two sections, only now as a non-animated GIF:Not only does it look terrible, but it weighs a hefty 825 KB. This is why using GIFs for static images is generally not advisable.How to choose the best image format to use on your websiteOn most sites, either JPEGs or PNGs make an excellent choice for the bulk of your images (although its best to stick with one over the other for consistencys sake). As for GIFs, youll want to reserve those for situations when you need to display animations.More specifically, JPEGs can enable you to squeeze a bit more performance out of your web pages, due to their high compression ratio, but only if youre using them for color-heavy images like all photographs, basically. If you want your site to load as fast as possible, and you dont mind sacrificing a bi t of image quality, JPEG is the best image format for your needs.However, if you care more about ensuring that all your images look as good as they can, wed recommend that you go with PNGs instead. This image format retains its high quality even when compressed, and works for both complex and simple images.Conclusion on JPEG vs PNG vs GIFYou have a lot of options when it comes to what types of images you can use on your website. Ideally, youll pick whichever formats enable you to display high-quality images without slowing down your site significantly. If youre a WordPress user, youll be glad to know that WordPress  supports all the most popular image formats out of the box.When deciding which is the best image format for your needs, here are the key things to remember about JPEG vs PNG vs GIF:JPEG: This is an ideal image format for all types of photographs.PNG: This format is perfect for screenshots and other types of imagery where theres not a lot of color data.GIF: If you want to show off animated graphics on your site, this is the best image format for you.Do you still have any questions about the best image format for your own website? Lets talk about them in the comments section below! Here's how to choose the optimal image format for your #website

1984 Summary

'1984' Summary There are few novels as influential as George Orwell’s 1984, which permeated pop culture with concepts like Big Brother and doublethink, while exploring the bleak future Orwell saw in totalitarianism. Part One 1984 begins with Winston Smith coming home to his small, run-down flat. At 39, Winston is old beyond his years and takes his time walking up the stairs, greeted at each landing by a poster stating BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU. In his small flat he can dim the wall-sized telescreen and lower the volume but cannot turn it off. He keeps his back to it because it is a two-way screen. Winston lives in what is known as Airstrip One, formerly Britain, a province of a large nation-state known as Oceania. He looks out his window at the Ministry of Truth where he works revising historical records to conform with the new versions of history the government is always producing. Winston works hard to appear a dutiful and fervent member of the Party, but privately despises it and the world he lives in. He knows this makes him what is known as a thoughtcriminal and assumes he will inevitably be exposed and punished. Winston has purchased a diary from a shop in a proletariat (the lower class of people referred to as proles) neighborhood, and has discovered that the placement of the telescreen in his apartment allows for a small area where he cannot be observed. He skips lunch at the canteen in order to come home and write his forbidden thoughts in this diary out of the telescreen’s range. It is a small act of rebellion. Winston admits to a sexual attraction to a woman at the Ministry of Truth, Julia. He has not acted on his attraction because he thinks she might be spying on him, and suspects she would inform on him. He is also paranoid about his superior, a man named O’Brien whom he suspects is part of the Brotherhood, a resistance movement led by the famous terrorist Emmanuel Goldstein. Part Two When Winston goes to work the next day, he sees Julia with her arm in a sling. When she stumbles, he helps her, and she passes him a note that reads I Love You. He and Julia begin a sexual affair, which is forbidden by the Party; Julia is even a member of the Anti-Sex League. Their first encounter is in a rural area. Later they begin renting a room above the shop where Winston purchased his diary. It becomes clear to Winston that Julia despises the Party as much as he does. The affair sparks memories in Winston of the civil war and his ex-wife, Katharine. At work, Winston meets a colleague named Syme who tells him about the dictionary he is working on for the new official language, Newspeak. Syme tells Winston that Newspeak is designed to make it more difficult for people to think in complex ways. Winston expects that this sentiment will cause Syme to disappear, and a few days later Syme is gone. Winston and Julia create a private sanctuary in the rented room, and tell each other that they are already dead. They believe that the Party will discover their crimes and execute them, but that it cannot take away their feelings for each other. O’Brien contacts Winston, confirms his involvement with the Brotherhood, and invites him to be a part of the resistance. Winston and Julia go to O’Brien’s large, well-appointed home and take an oath to join the Brotherhood. O’Brien gives Winston a copy of Emmanuel Goldstein’s book. Winston and Julia spend their time together reading it, learning the truth behind how the Party maintains its hold on society. They also learn about the use of a technique called doublethink, which allows Party members to believe contradictory concepts with ease, and how history has been changed to support perpetual warfare, which is used to keep a permanent state of emergency in place for crowd control purposes. Goldstein also argues that a revolution would be possible if the proles rose up en masse to oppose the government. While in their rented room, Winston and Julia are denounced by the shop owner, a member of the Thought Police, and arrested. Part Three Winston and Julia are taken to the Ministry of Love for punishment, and learn that O’Brien is actually a loyal party member who poses as a supporter of The Brotherhood in order to expose the disloyal. O’Brien begins torturing Winston. O’Brien is very open about the Party’s desire for power, and tells Winston openly that once he is broken and forced to change his thoughts in support of the Party, he will be placed back into the world for a time as an example, and then killed when his usefulness in that capacity is exhausted. Winston endures horrific pain and psychological stress as he is forced to adopt obviously untrue positions, such as stating that 2 2 5. The goal of the torture is to force Winston to abandon logic in favor of absorbing and repeating whatever the Party tells him. Winston confesses to a lengthy list of imaginary crimes. Winston breaks, but O’Brien is not satisfied, as Winston defiantly tells him that he still loves Julia and O’Brien cannot take that away from him. O’Brien tells him he will betray Julia in Room 101. Winston is taken there, and O’Brien reveals that they know everything there is to know about Winston- including his greatest irrational fear, rats. A wire cage is fitted over his face, and rats are placed in the cage. O’Brien tells Winston that the rats will gouge out his eyes and Winston loses the last bits of his sanity in terror, and just as the rats are coming for him he tells O’Brien to substitute Julia. Having betrayed Julia completely, Winston is truly broken. He is re-educated and released. He spends his days drinking heavily at a cafe. A few days later he meets Julia in a park, and they discuss their torture. Julia admits that she broke as well, and betrayed him. They both realize that their love for one another has been destroyed. They no longer care for each other as they once did. Winston goes to a cafe and sits there alone as the telescreens report an important victory for Oceania in the war against Eurasia. Winston is happy and has no more thoughts of rebellion, thinking that he loves Big Brother, and cannot wait to finally be executed.

Malincho and ajay essay

Malincho and ajay essay Malincho and ajay essay Malincho and ajay essayApply the Timmons entrepreneurship framework (entrepreneur-opportunity-resources to analyze this case. Analyze and explain Kalin’s traits and how he gathered resources for his venture.Malincho case study reveals the fact that the development of the business by Kalin was the combination of the business opportunity for Kalin, the entrepreneur, who wanted to start his business being very constrained with resources. To put it more precisely, Kalin had a good business idea and he had an opportunity to start a potentially successful business. However, he relied too much on his entrepreneurial skills because he often took decisions, when he was running out of resources or when he had not enough resources to fund his project, for instance (Gwynn, 2004). In such a situation, his actions were quite daring and relied on his intuition and good luck mainly rather than on his carefully planned business project. At the same time, he gathered resources relying on his ow n income, the help from the part of friends and other available resources.What business models are open to a food-product importer? What steps should Kalin take to position his company for the next phase of early-stage-growth?In fact, Kalin had two main options to import food-product, feta cheese from Eastern Europe to the US. First, he could use cow cheese which would be costly due to the high import fiscal barriers established in the US. Second, he could choose sheep cheese that was costly in Bulgaria and Eastern Europe but could be imported without fees to the US. In this regard, Kalin has chosen the sheep cheese because it was of the higher quality, while the ultimate price of the product in the US would be quite competitive, whereas the cow cheese would be of the lower quality, while the price of the product would be too high because of the existing fiscal regulations that protect American farmers from the import of dairies from abroad (Breneman Taylor, 2006). In this regard, Kalin should also consider the possibility of the diversification of the supply of dairy products using sheep milk as the basis because such products would not be exposed to high fees as cow dairy are. In addition, Kalin should focus on the minimization of transportation costs that includes not only cheaper transpiration services but also safer and accurate ones. For instance, he received the first cargo with about 5% of cheese damaged that meant 5% loss for him. The reduction of such losses would allow Kalin to increase revenues from the trade.What would be the concerns of a potential investor?Potential investors would be concerned with a long-run plan of the business development of Kalin, who faces considerable challenges at the early stages of the development of his business. He relies too much on his entrepreneurial skills but he has a few reliable customers and his target customer group is limited to Americans of the Bulgarian origin, who are nostalgic about the food imported f rom their homeland. Therefore, potential investors would be concerned about prospects of the further business growth, if the target market is saturated. In addition, investors could be concerned with the transportation costs because they could increase, if the oil price grew. Therefore, potential investors would be concerned with the possible removal of production facilities closer to the US.Ajay Case StudyWhat traits does Ajay exhibit that have helped him to get this far? Are these the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed by good entrepreneurs?Ajay has the deep understanding of the product he was offering to consumers in the market. He was also fully aware of its prospects in the market and its business opportunities. Ajay was hard working since he was able to work 18 hours per day. More important, he was success-oriented since his firm belief in his product led him to Babson College and contributed to the development of his connections and positive interpersonal relations with many people working in the same field (Breneman Taylor, 2006). Moreover, he has managed to identify key customers, such as one of the largest companies in the POS industry which was the main target customer for Vayusa. In such a way, he was bold enough to refer to key customers directly and he was apparently convinced in the overall success of his product. More important, he has managed to convince his business partner, Walter, and other people that his products could be and will be successful. When he was running out of money, he has managed to win grants that allowed him to support his business project. He studied not only computer engineering but also business administration that was essential for his entrepreneurial activities. In such a way, Ajay had basic knowledge and skills that were essential for a good entrepreneur since they helped him to tackle difficult situation and allowed him to come through major challenges successfully.Define and explain the purpose of a rocket pi tch. Imagine a potential investor has heard his rocket pitch. What concerns would a potential investor have? Is it a good investment?The purpose of the rocket pitch was to simplify the payment for customers since the new technology offered them an opportunity to conduct the payment and other transactions using their mobile phones and any payment terminal available to them in the market at the moment (Gwynn, 2004). In fact, this technology allowed consumers to use mobile as the truly universal tool to make payments and other transactions whenever and wherever they needed. The new technology developed by Ajay outpaced major rivals and substitutes that have already operated in the market, when Ajay has decided to introduce the technology and launched his business. However, potential investors may be concerned with the existence of similar products in the market (Volti, 2005). In addition, investors could be concerned with transactions security. However, the investment into the project developed by Ajar would be a successful and effective investment because the project introduces the universal tool that makes mobile phone a new tool of payment.If Ajay decides to move forward, what more can he do to build credibility and improve his chances of securing venture capital?First, Ajay should reveal the full extent to which Vayusa outpaces its rivals. The revelation of advantages of the new product compared to existing ones may persuade investors that the product is worth investing, while success of similar products, will show them that the new, better product can take a large share of the market. Furthermore, Ajay should stress the technical advancement of the product since investors and consumers should be aware of its reliability and safety.

INFLUENCE OF CULTURE ON SAFETY AND PROJECT PERFORMANCE Dissertation

INFLUENCE OF CULTURE ON SAFETY AND PROJECT PERFORMANCE - Dissertation Example It is a fact that there has over time, developed a lot of debate concerning the influence of safety culture in the construction industry of Saudi Arabia. According to Williamsen (2013), safety culture provides the project leader with the courage to follow through all the decisions that he has made because without it, then his decisions will most likely not be taken seriously by his subordinates, and will,  in fact, become meaningless. It has been found that in the Saudi construction industry, there has developed a need for the integration of conservative Saudi safety culture into the design of the building being constructed (Zou, Redman & Windon, 2008). It is a fact that many project leaders in Saudi Arabia in the past have been unsuccessful because they have failed to consider the importance of culture in this society when making decisions concerning safety and project performance, especially when these decisions were needed the most (DeJoy, Gershon & Schaffer, 2004). In this indu stry, every project leader should be conscious of the situations involving safety of their workers and this enables them to ensure that the safety of those who work in the construction site is ensured; they have to consider the best safety solutions that are culturally acceptable (Nelson, 1996; Simon & Frazee, 2005). They have to study the cultural needs exceptionally well and understand them so that their decisions concerning the project can be correct and well informed and this is likely to ensure that safety standards and the project performance are of the high. The purpose for this research is to explore how Saudi safety culture has come to influence the safety and performance of construction projects in the country. The study is based on the construction industry in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and seeks to explore the impact of this culture on the safety of employees as well as on project performance. The current aspects of safety culture and safety policies that have been ado pted by the construction industry in Saudi Arabia, as well as the factors that influence implementation of safety culture in construction companies will also be examined. Among the cultural factors that are going to be explored in this research include the religious recommendations on safety, the economic considerations, as well as the willingness of the construction companies to ensure the safety of their employees. The research would be helpful in determining the degree to which culture influences safety and performance of construction projects. Background According to Carrillo (2012) the failure of those taking on projects in Saudi Arabia to understand the importance of safety culture means that they will likely make decisions that are unacceptable, and these might end up jeopardizing the entire project. Moreover, individuals in the construction industry have to consider the fact that the safety culture of the Saudi Arabia is prescribed not only on the Holy Quran but also on the Sunnah. They therefore need to conduct investigations in order to come up with as much information about it as they can to ensure that all the construction projects that they undertake are in compatibility with the Sunnah (Chileshe & Dzisi, 2012). They should be extremely careful when attempting to stop those old practices which might be detrimental to the project, but part of the local culture, because the adoption of new ones leads to the immense failure of the safety standards as well as the project

Compare four different authors about education Essay

Compare four different authors about education - Essay Example The disparity underscored here is the quality of education and the assistance the teachers and/or the managers of the schools offer students to make them ready to face life. The major failure of the management in the public schools is that teachers’ jobs are protected by the government such that no any teacher may be fired for underperformance, like it happens in the charter schools. The result is breeding of bad teachers in the public schools that makes students flee from these schools to charter schools. Worse still, the parents fight for their students to become enrolled in charter schools than in public schools. Ravitch proposes moderated sacking of bad teachers (the underperforming teachers) in the public schools and replacing them with good teachers in this context. Sharing the same view as Ravitch’s, Stanley Fish in â€Å"The Value of Higher Education Made Literal† critiques the modern education systems observed in various government. Fish taps into the fa ilures of the British government by commoditizing education such that the higher one bargains for the better the remuneration thereafter. Fish’s argument is that the government and the learned education moderators have collectively rewarded education with money such that currently there are different prices for different courses. Fish argues that the more costly the course one undertakes, the higher the reward – monetary pay. He says that it is not possible, today, as it were in the past, to take chances by following one’s dream profession – the nature does not provide such choices any more as it is now the ‘survival for the fittest’ mentality in action. The tougher and the more marketable course one undertakes the brighter the future, of course in terms of salary to be earned. The motivation of the students in the institutions of higher learning has thus shifted from ‘learning to become accomplished’ to ‘learning to earn h igher salaries in the future’. This will easily lead to washing away of courses that are not marketable while the marketable ones gains in this sense. Therefore, arts are more likely to lose value while sciences become high priced – the courses value is now money value attached to them. At the same time, as the students’ parents adapt to the new system and buy various courses according to their financial strength, the students do not have choice but take what is offered in the bargain. Instead of following their genuine aspirations, they adapt to the costly courses that will guarantee better returns in the future. Therefore, education is literally being sold (Midwinter 42) and the highest bidder takes it all. While the Fish believes that students are currently learning what is dictated by nature inevitably against their own will, Rebekah Nathan, in â€Å"My Year as a Freshman† underscores that the discipline in classroom has changed a big deal. Perhaps th e power to purchase a particular course or discipline changes everything. But Nathan, a professor at a university gets disturbed so much by the thought that students today lack in discipline and are difficult to teach. Nathan decides to go back to enroll as a student in a university, while hiding her real identity, to experience what students of today face. She previously coined that the students in today’s academic institutions are difficult to teach – they are volatile and rebellious –

The media play in encouraging Essay Example for Free

The media play in encouraging Essay What role does the media play in encouraging or discouraging tourism to particular destinations? Popular mediums of media including film, television, internet and print media can influence the appeal of certain travel destinations and activities. It can prompt a desire or avert tourism destinations as suggested by MacCannell (1976) these media forms can highly construct or highlight particular images of destinations to act as a marker. Prospective tourists base their knowledge on such information provided whether to travel or not to particular destinations. Film induced tourism can also bring about an increase in the cultural value of the film location being heritage sites. Firstly, in the case of New Zealand’s Maori culture has gained recognisable status through media exposure. The film Whale Rider (2002) for instance thoroughly demonstrates the Maori culture. In customary Maori culture the beliefs, clothing, animals, plants and certain landforms are spiritually linked with particular groups of individuals. The film represents this through the whales being the ancient symbol for the Ngati Konohi community. Thus, by maintaining a sense of identity it offers an opportunity for individuals to reflect and provide expressions of self. Additionally, this film can attract individuals strongly interested in culture especially of New Zealand’s Maori culture. As well as this heritage sites which have been set as film locations gain fame and recognition by its audience after the release of the film. These locations often gain meaning through film narration. For example Mission Impossible 2 (2000) was filmed at the Sydney Royal National Park. Due to the popularity of the film series an increase of visits to the park occurred during 2000 the year the film was released. Hence, can be evidently seen media plays a major role in encouraging tourism to certain destinations. However, with the expansion of different types of visitors to a destination it could also provoke an adjusted behaviour in tourists (Smith et al, 2010). The world heritage site in Angkor, Cambodia had been utilised and set up as a location for the adventure film Tomb Raider. Tourists who had viewed and felt a sense of yearning to visit the location of the film were discovered climbing on the ancient sanctuary temple walls in order to attempt and imitate the protagonist. This kind of media coverage creates a negative impact on the site as tourists are not respecting or obliging to conservation plans set  out for the site. The inappropriate manner can additionally provoke iconic pieces or souvenirs to be removed from the film induced tourism locations so as to be able to efficiently oblige with conservation plans. â€Å"Media based tourism can bring additional income and jobs to an area and in particular can provide opportunities for selling souvenirs/merchandising and spin-off services such as themed tours and services† (Smith et al, 2010 p.73). This is evident in many tourist destinations including Thailand and the film The Beach. It has created a strong stimulation of desires for people to visit the film location in addition to the surrounding areas of Thailand. Due to the large tourism activity, tour companies have taken advantaged and advertised various tours which circuits various film based locations and entitled them The Beach Tours ( Law et al 2007). Extraordinariness can also be added to entice travellers such as recounting stories and gossip within the tours about the production of The Beach. Also the Footsteps on the Beach website was created which sells Thailand to a more mass audience as well as reach potential tourists to visit Thailand through images and meaning. Desires can also be a reason why individuals choose to travel in the first place. Therefore, by creating strong desires and adding extraordinariness through media exposure it further encourages individuals to travel. The idea of a journey with fun filled experience can also prompt an encouragement to travel and explore destinations. There are numerous journey narratives exposed starting from early childhood years. Journey narratives are stories which are structured around a physical journey. Along the way individuals reflect and grow to develop a stronger understanding of self. For instance contemporary narratives of Eat Pray Love or Lord of the Rings. Characters undertake a journey in order to discover a purpose through the meaningful experiences occurred on the way. These encourage a desire for otherness a nd difference attracting the explorer and drifter tourists. This is due to the fact such tourists do not mind getting off the beaten tracks, leaving the environmental bubble voluntarily and preferring a novelty experience (Cohen 2004). Many of these media have influenced young individuals to travel as they have gotten older. Thus children’s stories are a major motivator for individuals to travel as it’s the first contact many individuals have in terms of media and tourism. Additionally, journey narratives are powerful motivators as individuals seek out tourism destinations. Riley et al (1992)  have distinguished the downsides of main concern as the exploitation of locals and visitors, expanding costs, absence of readiness of locals when managing with the high tourist influx, the way the location differs from the way it is portrayed in the forms of media bringing about a loss of tourist fulfilment and satisfaction and the various effects of souvenir hunters particularly those who consume signs and markers. These components rela te to the film induced tourism audience and ever expanding tourist visitations to such locations. An important and ambiguous issue to be considered when arguing views of film induced tourism is that of the actual versus the envisioned images as created by the media. Butler (1990) indicates that in a number of times films are not shot at the locations they imply to be. For instance the Philippines was adopted to portray Vietnam in the 1986 Vietnam War film Platoon. This then creates a condition where the general audience are constructing their knowledge on false information and developing false expectations and desires of destinations they decide to visit. It can be argued that much of the expectations in tourism is created with what is presented and viewed in the media. These expectations are developed overtime due to the mass promotions, guidebooks and stories of tourism travel from documentaries and films. The information provided is usually of implied promises. Boorstin (1972) suggests these pseudo-events are responsible for the inauthenticity of the tourism industry. Commentators suggest that media tourism is a clear example of post-tourism (Smith et al, 2010 p.74) and the visitor perspectives of locations are somewhat of a giant cinema screen suggesting the inauthenticity of a place. Consequently, resulting in tourists’ dissatisfaction with their travel experiences. As an outcome tension is created and discourages tourists from visiting certain destinations. A further case of the immediate complications that media production can bring can be evident in Thailand. Here 20th century Fox filmed The Beach. In order to prepare the site for production and to begin filming the beach was demolished and widened with much of the native vegetation and a mass amount of rubbish from the isolated beach also being removed. The destruction of the natural environment became a major concern. The landscape was modified so â€Å"the global cinematic audience is offered an idealised journey in a fantasy space, one based on a ‘dream’ of the tropic s† (Law et al 2007). In doing so Higgins-Desbiolles (2001) claims it tarnished  the Thai Government, damaged the reputation of Twentieth Century Fox, sparked a desire for travel within the young fan base and opened up the opportunities for companies to promote themselves. However, the major benefit that came out of this production was that it boosted the Thailand economy by an estimated US$150000. Clearly the media plays a role in both encouraging and discouraging tourists to visit certain destinations based on their tourist gazes. The tourist gaze was founded by Urry who outlines is a visual nature of tourism. It refers to â€Å"the way in which tourists seek out and consume visual images and the means by which the tourism industry organises and directs this consumption† (Smith 2010 p.174). The gaze can be seen as having a positive outcome on tourism destinations. Bruno (1997) explains that viewers of media are in a way acting like tourists. Having viewed certain television shows such as The Amazing Race the audience feel a compelling motivation to go and travel as well due to the depicted images in the show. However, it can also demotivate in terms of negative publicity placed on certain locations. For instance many individuals avoid the Midd le East regions due to sudden eruptions of conflict such as war and terrorist attacks. Many news reports have displayed images of such risks. This information is then publicly revealed to a mass audience including potential tourists. Resulting in tourists rethinking about their destination choices and seeking other locations instead. Tourism is a key component of popular culture and is fed and feeds from the media which both circulates and produces culture. The power of media especially film and television can motivate travellers, create new images, alter negative images and create and placing icons on maps is recognised as a major factor in promoting tourism travel. Through the analysis of the film The Beach as well as various researchers including Law, Smith and Urry a further understanding is established in terms of media and the influence it can have on tourism whether in positive or negative conducts. As evident media does play a major role in deciding tourist destinations. Reference List Boorstin, D.J 1972, The Image: A Guide to Pseudi Events in America, Atheneum, New York. Butler, R.W 1990, ‘The influence of the media in shaping international tourist patterns’, Tourism Recreation Research, vol. 15, no. 2, pp.46–53. Cohen, E 2004, Toward a sociology of international tourism, in Contemporary tourism: diversity and change, Elsevier, Boston, MA, pp. 37-47. Higgins-Desbiolles, F 2001, Battlelines on ‘The Beach’: Tourism and globalisation. Policy, Organisation and Society Special Edition: Different Globalisations, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 116–138. Law, L., Bunnell, T. and Ong, C 2007, ‘The Beach, the gaze and film tourism’, Tourist Studies, vol 7, no. 2, pp. 141-164. MacCannell, D 1976, A semiotic of attraction, in The tourist: a new theory of the leisure class, Schocken Books, New York, pp. 109-33. Riley, R. VanDoren, C.S 1992, Movies as tourism promotion: A ‘pull’ factor in a ‘push’ location. Tourism Management, September, pp. 267–274. ‘Film TV Tourism’ in Smith, M., MacLeod, N. and Hart Robertson, M 2010, Key Concepts in Tourist Studies. London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi Singapore, SAGE, pp. 71-75.

Employment Discrimination Essay -- Race Racism Prejudice

Employment Discrimination Discrimination is a very hard barrier to break. To discriminate means to "distinguish between one another; to make a difference in treatment or favor on the basis other then individual merit." Everyone at some point in their life experiences some form of discrimination that might be on the basis of their race, religion, age, or sex. Discrimination can be examined from many different angles. Because of this, I have decided to discuss one type of discrimination, which is employment discrimination. Throughout this paper I will attempt to answer several questions. Such questions are what is employment discrimination and whom does it effect? What could one do if find that they are a victim of discrimination? After answering these questions I will incorporate my own experience on this topic. Employment discrimination occurs when an employee or a group of employees are treated unfairly as compared to others because of their race, age, sex, religion, etc. Employment discrimination usually effects those who are considered the minority. If a company is found guilty of employment discrimination they can be find several hundreds of thousands of dollars. There are 2 forms of unfair treatment that one could experience in his/her workplace. The first form of treatment is done with intent. An example of this form of treatment would be if fellow employees or the employer makes up jokes or slurs about others, which would cause the other party to feel uncomfortable and unwanted in the workplace. The second form of unfair treatment is done a little different. This treatment is done in a sly and tricky way. For example, the employer would assign certain employees jobs that are out of the ordina... ...and asked about the job positions, they were told that they were only looking for a night crew for maintenance. When a black or hispanic person asked about the job positions they were told a different story. They were told that many different positions were open. My friend even over heard a conversation between the 2 people who were doing the hiring, stating that they positions that were open were to only be given to the black or hispanic people. When I heard this I was disgusted. I was upset that I didn't get the job because of my color. As you can see, discrimination is alive and going strong. It is not something that is very easy to solve. It is said that people are prejudged because of their color, age, religion, etc. People should be judged from within not from the outside. It's like that famous saying, "You shouldn't judge a book by its cover."

Reflective Essay Founded Online, Not Mine Essay

The purpose of writing a reflective essay is to present what you felt and what you reflect after an experience. Readers will discover how you associate with the subject on which you are writing. Your reflective essay can provide your perspective and the lesson you learned from a given experience. A reflective essay must provide a personal perspective, inform of the purpose for creating, and indulge in personal thoughts as well as feelings. A reflective essay must present a purpose or a lesson to be learned from the story. You personalise the creation of a reflective essay by mentioning your role in the event or occurrence. A reflective essay will always provide for varying perceptions by studying the different point of views and aspects (mentioning if a certain decision had gone in another direction) and how you evaluate the experience as a whole. You must feel that the experience or occurrence is worthy of developing a reflective essay on. You must remember each detail and every facet of the story for the exploration of each description. You must mention the significance and the feelings that you have regarding the experience on which you write your reflective essay.

Econometrics Project

Personal Consumption Expenditures, Personal Income, and CPI 1980 – 2011 April 24, 2010 Abstract The goal of this paper is to estimate the relationship between personal consumption and personal income among all Americans over the past 30 years. The data includes annual records for the four variables between the years 1980 and 2011. I have analyzed this data using the Ordinary Least Squares Method and ran a regression analysis in order to observe the relationship between my variables.In my model, I have used Real Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) as my independent variable, while the dependent variable is Real Disposable Personal Income Per-Capita. As well, I included two explanatory variables in my model which are the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and a Coincident Index. The model finds a positive relationship between personal consumption expenditures and personal income. It also shows that inflation is positively related to the independent variable of personal consumption.H owever the model demonstrates that there is an insignificant relationship between personal consumption and the Coincident Index. We can conclude that personal income has an effect on personal consumption and that there is a positive correlation between these two variables. Therefore, in general, we can assume according to this model that as personal income increases, personal consumption also increases. 1. Introduction Our economy is an ever-changing system that is affected by an infinite number of factors. Some of these factors include personal consumption, personal income, and inflation.I have chosen to look at how these factors may influence one another within the American economy. More specifically, I have chosen to research the influence of income, inflation, and the Coincidence Index on Americans’ consumption expenditures. I believe that individuals’ consumption expenditures may vary based on two main factors: A change in these individuals’ income and a ch ange in inflation. Many believe that as income increases, people will have more and will therefore spend more money and consume more.Some research suggests that larger household wealth is associated with higher personal consumption (Slacalek, 2009). In terms of inflation, some theories suggest that as prices rise and rates of inflation create uncertainty for the future, people will lower their consumption expenditures (Springer, 1977). However, since prices are higher, the total Personal Consumption Expenditures may still increase along with inflation. 2. Theory and Hypothesis In March, 2011, personal income increased by 0. 5 percent, while personal consumption expenditures for Americans increased by 0. 6 percent (Cohen, 2011).Based on this information, it can be concluded that the percentage increases for these variables increased nearly proportionately. I believe that this is not just a coincidence and that these variables actually share a relationship. Although this data is only for one month of one year, I hypothesize that this relationship would stay true if these statistics were to be taken over a period of several years. I believe that as Real Disposable Personal Income Per-Capita increases and individuals make more money, that people will spend more and consume more, meaning that PCE would increase.Since people would be making more money I expect that since they are more capable of spending money that they will indeed spend and consume more. I also theorize that CPI will have an effect on personal consumption. CPI, which is an indication of inflation, is an increase in prices in an economy relative to the money available in that economy. Since inflation means that you must pay more for the same goods, I hypothesize that as inflation increases, and prices rise, people will spend less, and therefore PCE will decrease. I also theorized that as the Coincident Index increases, PCE would also increase.This is because I believe that if the Coincident Index, w hich describes current economic conditions, goes up, then people will consume more while economic conditions are better. 3. Empirical Model and Data Using a multiple regression model, I estimated the relationship among my time-series data in order to learn more about my hypotheses. C = ? 0 + ? 1 *RDPI + ? 2*CPI + ? 3*CI C = -3. 540 + 3. 339(RDPI) +6. 888(CPI) +2. 315(CI) + ei Where: C= Personal Consumption Expenditures RDPI= Real Disposable Income: Per-Capita CPI= Consumer Price Index (Inflation) CI= Coincident IndexUsing Tinn-R, I came up with the following results. The Coefficients for this model are as follows: Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) (Intercept) -3. 540e+03 3. 383e+02 -10. 466 3. 49e-11 *** RDPI 3. 339e-01 3. 903e-02 8. 555 2. 68e-09 *** CPI 6. 888e+00 3. 061e+00 2. 250 0. 0325 * CI 2. 315e+00 4. 713e+00 0. 491 0. 6271 As can be observed through these results, the t-values for both RDPI and CPI are greater than |1. 96|. Therefore, both of these variables are statist ically significant and consequently have an effect on Personal Consumption Expenditures.However, the t-value for the coincident index is not statistically significant, which means that we cannot conclude that it affects consumption. It can be assumed through this regression model that as personal income increases by 1 unit, consumption increases by 3. 339 units. As well, as PCE increases by one unit it can be assumed that PCE will increase by 6. 888 units. Therefore, I can conclude that my hypotheses regarding the relationship between consumption and income and consumption and inflation are accurate according to me regression model. However, these results may vary if other factors were to be considered in my model.As well, the results may be slightly off due to including the insignificant factor, the coincidence index. 4. Conclusion In conclusion, I have found the majority of my hypotheses to be true. I have found that both Personal Income and Inflation have an effect on Personal Co nsumption Expenditures and that both income and inflation have a positive relationship with consumption. However, based on my model, the Coincident Index does not share a relationship with PCE. I believe that this hypothesis of mine may be incorrect because the economic conditions of an conomy may not play a significant enough role on individuals’ consumption expenditures in order for this model to show that a relationship exists. Further research would need to be conducted in order for me to examine this relationship more closely. For example, other factors such as personal saving may influence personal consumption as well. In order to gather more clear and accurate results in the future, I would conduct more models, using more economic variables related to consumption in order to see what other potential factors may influence Personal Consumption Expenditures.References * Amadeo, Kimberly. â€Å"How Inflation Affects Your Life – The Impact of Inflation on Prices and Treasury Bonds. † US Economy and Business – US Economic Indicators – US Economic News. N. p. , n. d. Web. 24 Apr. 2012.

Cellphones At School essays

Cellphones At School essays Cell phones should be banned from rural schools. There is no reason for them in rural schools, they are a distraction, and finally they could aid in violent First, there is no reason for them. There are ways of getting ahold of whoever you need(parents). If you need to call your parents; the office will be more than glad to let you use there phone. Also, there are Next, they are a distraction. You wouldn't like it in class if you were taking your finals phone rang in the middle of class. You wouldn't pay a bit of attention to what your were doing you attention on them. You would probably loss your Last, cell phones can aid into violent acts. People can call out alarm; it's time to come not think that can happen in your school but it really Finally, cell phone should be banned from rural schools. There is no reason for them; they are a distraction; and finally they can result into violent last minute book reports keep me surviving ...

Remembering the Murder of Shanda Sharer

Remembering the Murder of Shanda Sharer Few crimes in modern times caused more public horror than the grisly torture and murder of 12-year-old Shanda Sharer at the hands of four teenage girls on Jan. 11, 1992 in Madison, Indiana. The callousness and brutality exhibited by the four teenage girls, ages 15 to 17, shocked the public then, and it continues to be a source of fascination and revulsion as the subject of dozens of books, magazine articles, television programs, and psychiatric papers.   The Events Leading to the Murder At the time of her murder, Shanda Renee Sharer was the 12-year old daughter of divorced parents, attending school at  Our  Lady of Perpetual Help Catholic school in New Albany, Indiana, after transferring the previous year from Hazelwood Middle School. While at Hazelwood, Shanda had met Amanda Heavrin. Initially the two girls fought, but eventually became friends and then became entered into a youthful romance.   In October of 1991, Amanda and Shanda were attending a school dance together when they were angrily confronted by Melinda Loveless, an older girl that Amanda Heavrin had also been dating since 1990. As Shanda Sharer and Amanda Heavrin continued to socialize through October, the jealous Melinda Loveless began to discuss killing Shanda and was observed threatening her in public. It was at this point, concerned about their daughters safety, that Shandas parents transferred her to a Catholic school and away from Amanda. The Abduction, Torture, and Murder Despite the fact that Shanda Sharer was no longer in the same school as Amanda Heavrin, Melinda Loveless jealousy continued to fester over the next few months, and on the night of Jan. 10, 1992, Melinda, along with three friends- Toni Lawrence (age 15), Hope Rippey (age 15), and Laurie Tackett (age 17)- drove to where Shanda was spending the weekend with her father. Just after midnight, the older girls convinced Shanda that her friend Amanda Heavrin was waiting for her at a teenage hangout spot known as the Witchs Castle, a ruined stone home in a remote area overlooking the Ohio River. Once in the car, Melinda Loveless began to threaten Shanda with a knife, and once they arrived at Witchs Castle, the threats escalated into an hours-long torture session. It was the details of the savagery that followed, all of which came out later in testimony from one of the girls, that so horrified the public. Over a period of more than six hours, Shanda Sharer was subject to beatings with fists, strangling with a rope, repeated stabbings, and battery and sodomy with a tire iron. Finally, the still living girl was doused with gasoline and set ablaze in the early morning hours of Jan. 11, 1992, in a field alongside a gravel county road.   Immediately after the murder, the four girls had breakfast at McDonalds, where it is reported that they laughingly compared the look of the sausage to that of the corpse they had just abandoned.   The Investigation Uncovering the truth of this crime thankfully did not take long. Shanda Sharers body was discovered later that same morning by hunters driving along the road. When Shandas parents reported her missing in early afternoon, the connection to the discovered body was quickly suspected. That evening, a distraught Toni Lawrence accompanied by her parents arrived at the  Jefferson County Sheriffs office  and began to confess the details of the crime. Dental records quickly confirmed that the remains discovered by the hunters were those of Shanda Sharer. By the next day, all the involved girls had been arrested.   The Criminal Proceedings With compelling evidence provided by Toni Lawrences testimony, the four girls involved were all charged as adults. With a strong likelihood of death penalty sentences, they all accepted guilty pleas in order to avoid such an outcome.   In preparation for sentencing, defense attorneys spent considerable effort assembling arguments of mitigating circumstances for some of the girls, arguing that these facts reduced their culpability. These facts were presented to the judge during the sentencing hearing. Melinda Loveless, the ringleader, had by far the most extensive history of abuse. At the legal hearing, two of her sisters and two cousins testified that her father, Larry Loveless, had forced them to have sex with him, although they could not testify that Melinda, too, had been so abused. His history of physical abuse to his wife and children was well documented, as well as a pattern of sexual misconduct. (Later, Larry Loveless would be charged with 11 counts of child sex abuse.) Laurie Tackett was raised in a strictly religious household where rock music, movies and most other trappings of normal teenage life were strictly forbidden. In rebellion, she shaved her head and engaged in occult practices. It was not entirely surprising to others that she could have participated in such a crime.   Toni Lawrence and Hope Rippey had no such troubled reputations, and experts and public onlookers were somewhat baffled at how relatively normal girls could have participated in such a crime. In the end, it was chalked up to simple peer pressure and a thirst for acceptance, but the case continues to be a source of analysis and discussion to this day.   The Sentences In exchange for her extensive testimony, Toni Lawrence received the lightest sentence- she pleaded guilty to one count of Criminal Confinement and was sentenced to a maximum of 20 years. She was released on December 14, 2000, after serving nine years. She remained on parole until December, 2002. Hope Rippey was sentenced to 60 years, with ten years suspended for mitigating circumstances. Upon later appeal, her sentence was reduced to 35 years. She was released early on April 28, 2002 from Indiana Womens Prison after serving 14 years of her original sentence.   Melinda Loveless and Laurie Tackett were sentenced to 60 years in the Indiana Womens Prison in Indianapolis. Tacket was released on Jan. 11, 2018, exactly 26 years to the day after the murder.   Melinda Loveless, the ringleader of one of the most brutal murders in recent time, is due to be released in 2019.

The BuyRite Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The BuyRite Project - Research Paper Example In this regard, a research exercise will be conducted in order to substantiate practicability of the Input-Transformation-Outcome model as used in the BuyRite Project. In this case, we will strive towards developing a coherent research report meant to acquire knowledge on the theoretical construct of the model, followed by efficiency of this model in addressing actual problems in commercial contexts. Introduction International Concrete Operations Company (ICO) seeks to improve its management processes, especially within the procurement sector. Despite being good in utilizing entrepreneurial principles to achieve business goals, it still lags behind in terms of internal management. Consequently, ICO’s competitors are capable of achieving significant goals with better management. In this regard, ICO have developed a mechanism through which superior, middle level and subordinate employees will be made to acknowledge the role of efficient management in addressing business problems within a competitive environment. In order to objectively respond to the procurement problem, the company’s chief executive established position of National Procurement Manager. The appointed manager’s duties involved formulation and implementation of BuyRite Project. Fleming (2003) says that with implementation of this project, ICO would respond to procurement challenges by reducing cost of supply undertakings and general operation costs. Upon completion of a feasibility analysis, stakeholders approved that BuyRite Project would prove instrumental in addressing immediate needs of the multinational corporation within the cement and concrete industry. Earlier studies on the company’s procurement activities showed that inefficient procurement process coupled with lack of purchase responsiveness from potential customers causes increase in procurement costs. In the past, ICO had tried adopting ideal supply techniques in synchronizing activities of procurement staff and suppliers. Later on, those supposedly ideal techniques proved ineffective, especially due to increased competition within the industry. In this regard, BuyRite Project was thought to being effective in addressing increasing procurement cost in current business environment. This is because the project applies principles of Input-Transformation-Outcome model. In this research, we will appraise effectiveness of this model in enhancing reduction of procurement costs. Research Statement With respect to theoretical content, a systematic research exercise should have a strong statement, which provides an insight and direction on the purpose of that exercise. A research question will serve the purpose of developing a specific description of an underlying topic of study, which in this case involves effectiveness of Input-Transformation-Outcome model. For clarity purposes, every research exercise should begin by providing a basis of study insinuated through a research statement and a res earch question. Based on these acknowledgements, statement for this report asserts that Input-Transformation-outcome model (ITO) creates a direct relationship between customer’s use of outputs and subsequent outcomes realized by a company. At this juncture, I can say that this entire research will seek to provide a comprehensive response to this issue Input-Transformat

Should Jouveniles Accused of Violent crimes be Tried and Jailed as Essay

Should Jouveniles Accused of Violent crimes be Tried and Jailed as Adults - Essay Example The cause of the dilemma was whether adolescents were to be tried in the existing adult courts and face punitive measures as applied to adult criminals. The issue of whether they would face trial in adult courts led to a critical question of whether they were 100% responsible for the crime they committed. Even when the assumption was that the adolescents were culpable of the crimes committed, an ardent concern would arise on whether they the competence required to handle the trial process. This paper will highlight that trying juvenile delinquents in adult courts is inappropriate. The onset of the 20th century saw the emergence of the initial literature on the means of resolving juvenile crimes. The institution of juvenile courts would soon follow, a factor shaped by the assumption that adolescents were more likely to adopt new attitudes because of their assumed malleability in comparison to adults. Such assumed malleability evident in adolescents motivated the adoption of rehabilita tion as the most effective strategy in juvenile courts. However, the approach of rehabilitation changed, getting more inclined to the punitive approach that was evident in the adult courts (Ash 146). In the 1960s, the rehabilitative approach was classified as unsuccessful in addressing juvenile crime, and with most of the courts proving highly punitive to juvenile offenders. In the 1970s, increased prophecies of a potential surge of juvenile crimes emerged. This perception served to alter the approach towards juvenile justice. In the following years, many juvenile delinquents received transfer to adult crimes to undergo trial. Many people believed that the prophecies would come true, and that an increase in hardened juvenile criminals would require stringent punitive measures. The perception that determined justice ideologies at that time were shaped by the thinking that adolescents who committed crimes needed to face similar consequences with adults committing similar offenses. How ever, contrary to the predictions, juvenile was only higher in the late 1980s and early 1990s, but subsided immensely in the years that followed. Although the predictions were falsified by the passage of time reduction of crime, they initiated the issue of adolescent culpability to crime, in the punitive system. This issue had been neglected because juvenile courts had adopted a rehabilitative approach. In the punitive system, it was critical for prosecutors to prove that the adolescent had made an informed choice to commit crime (Ash 145). Many people believed that youths above 15 years are able to make informed choice cognitively. However, in cases where evidence indicating the incapacity of an adolescent to carry out mature judgment, then that translated to a minimized culpability. According to Ash, it is critical for courts to realize that adolescence is a period where an individual is subject to increased peer influence, a factor that makes many of them perpetrate group crime. Evidently, this period of growth is defined by many mistakes in many individuals, before the young adolescents can discern individual goals and pursue them. Most of the adolescents only exhibit a crime record during this period of rigorous growth and confusion, but transform into responsible citizens after adolescence. Therefore, trying adolescents in adult courts and labeling them as hardened criminals was unfair, as this was an aspect limited to the adolescence stage, and they

Existing and Possible Generation Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Existing and Possible Generation Model - Essay Example The paper tells that the first generation which was put into use from the 1950s to mid-1960s and it focused on technological push. This was aimed at swift industrial growth and new technological prospects. The second generation innovation was popular in the mid-1960s to late 1970s. This generation focused on the existing technologies and used them to develop a new brand of products. It took advantage of the balance in the supply and demand chain. The pull on the market was exploited by the highly efficient companies, more like a survival of the fittest analogy. In the early 1970s to mid-1980s, the third generation came into focus. It is known as the coupling model because it integrated the technological push and market pull generations. Companies had to adopt new strategies that involved rationalization and consolidation.5 The fourth generation brought about an emphasis on manufacturing strategies. Manufacturing companies formed alliances and this shortened product life-cycles in the market. It was rampant in the period of early 1980s to early 1990s and was branded, the integrated model. The fifth generation model was a target for survival in the market. Companies focused on flexibility and adaptability to changing times. It was the adopted from the mid-1990s. The companies had to be more competitive so as to keep up with the industrial revolution, fast innovation was, therefore, an arsenal that top companies possessed. The models stated above came with their pros and cons. A ‘one size fits all’ strategy is yet to be innovated. Like all great ideas, the business management novelties followed certain procedures before implementation: the idea generation, concept development, evaluation, selection and ultimately the actualization of the concept through implementation. Innovation can be described as a technological push (like in the case of the first generation strategy) or a market pull (like in the case of the second generation strategy) or a combin ation of both which outdoes the individual strategies. The researcher would, however, adopt a network approach type of model where innovation is approached simultaneously from an internal and external aspect.