Analysis of Comments on a New York Times Article Essay

The article, â€Å"Forced From Executive Pay to Hourly Wage,† which was written by Michael Luo and was published in the New York Times last February 28, 2009, basically told the story of people who used to earn five or six-figure amounts per year, are now being paid hourly minimum wages. One example in the article was the case of Mark Cooper, who used to earn $70,000 as a security manager for Fortune 500 Company in the United States and who oversees a budget of $1. 2 million. Nine months ago, he lost his job and now he is earning $12 an hour in his job at his friend’s janitorial services company. Although the article itself is appealing enough, it is also interesting to note the readers’ comments about it. As of now, there are 300 comments about the article and upon reviewing most of them, it can be surmised that each reader who commented had significantly different viewpoints and opinions about the story told in the New York Times article. Evidently, these readers adhere to different moral codes which are seen through their responses. In general, the readers who commented on the article can be divided into two groups: one group lauded the brave act of Mark Cooper while the other criticized the style of writing and the subtle message that New York Times writer used in the article. One of the reader’s who praised the article story admired the courage of Mr. Cooper as he was able to lower his pride and found ways to provide for his family even if it means that he has to scrub toilets and have his salary dramatically reduced from five figures to an hourly wage without any benefits. In a sense, this group highly regarded the value of hard work and starting all over again in a dignified way. Most of their comments basically indicated that Mr. Cooper is not alone and that there are hundreds of Americans who have similar â€Å"riches to rags† stories. These readers, based on their comments, also believed that there is no shame being poor as long as one has a dignified and lawful job. On other hand, the other group of readers who commented on the article criticized the New York Times for insinuating that those who work blue-collar jobs are lower forms of human beings than those who work white-collar ones. They see the article as discriminating to Americans who have been living their lives below the poverty line for a long time even before the current economic crisis. For example, one reader lamented that article more or less showed that a $12-an-hour job is an indecent way of living, which is not true. In addition, one reader did not feel sorry for Mr. Cooper and commented that he had a lot to be thankful for because he lives in an above average house and was able to live a rich life. To this reader, the economic crisis makes everyone in America equal because they are struggling to make ends meet. However, what’s common in all the readers’ responses is that they could all relate to the difficulties experienced by the people depicted in the article. In fact some of the readers, who are evidently from different walks of life, shared their own stories in their comments. In other words, the single factor that binds all the readers who commented is the hardship brought about by the financial crisis in America. In a way, the article’s comments show two things: one is that there are a lot of Americans who are so used to a good life that they are seemingly caught off-guard when a devastating financial crisis like this hits them and the other is that due to the crisis, most Americans would be willing to take on any job just to survive. But the comments also indicated that Americans are more unified in achieving a common goal which is to recover from the devastating effects of the crisis and rebuild their lives. Works Cited Luo, Mark. â€Å"Forced From Executive Pay to Hourly Wage. † 28 February 2009. New York Times. 4 March 2009 < http://www. nytimes. com/2009/03/01/us/01survival. html? pagewanted=1&_r=2&sq=executive%20janitor&st=cse&scp=1>.

Paradox of Samsung’s rise Essay

Summary Samsung has been grown up to the one of the world giant company. Thus, Samsung faces the challenge of moving beyond their home markets. As the company growing abroad, the CEO Gunhee Lee needed to reinvent the strategy. Thus, Samsung tried to follow the strategies of developed Multi National Corporation. Samsung multiplied Japanese management system and Western management system at the same time into the new Samsung’s Hybrid System. This system continuously improves the organizational process. It also creates the culture focusing on the innovation. Thus, the president Lee decided that sending the people abroad and hiring people who were non-Korean. That way, Samsung can openly experience lots of culture and systems and find what are the best suitable for the company. Samsung also provides the sufficient competition for talent, combined with a strong confusion tradition of respect for elders, through changing into performance based-pay system form seniority-based compensation an d promotion system. These several factors especially Samsung’s Hybrid system and Mix and match strategy led the Samsung to become a global company. Arguments 1. The purpose of hiring employees from outside is very ideal, but it is hard to headhunt talented people especially hunting the entry-level employees from outside. It works for high position (Samsung even uses their chartered plane to scout the competent people). However, what Samsung is trying to do is spreading whole company with new-thinkers and sending insiders abroad. How do they attract some big innovators from abroad for even relatively low position? Although it is clear that Samsung itself is internationally competitive enough, it will be very difficult to entice talented outsiders who want to work for their own countries. 2. In terms of Global Strategy Group (GSG), in this article, they are trying to dilute their geodraphical repatriation in Samsung. In reality, they are not many board members from outside. Most external employees are likely to go abroad after working Samsung for only few years. It tells that Samsung seems hard time to make their company global. There is still existed strong hierarchy culture inside. Also, high-pressured membership training in every summer is one of the important reason to lead new-thinkers go back to outside. Samsung’s strong confusion tradition of respect for elders and seniority-based compensation and promotion system are still existed. Thus, it seems to stand in the way of outsider’s loyalty towards Samsung.

A Secret for Two by Quentin Reynolds

So, the narrative code is present here and the work itself is a short story: ;Short – Can usually be read in one setting (it presents a general picture of Pierre Duping life; some harassers -? Pierre Duping, horse Joseph, Jacques, episodic: president, driver, doctor; it has small proportions: about 1025 words); ;Concise: Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told (the narrator don't escape from the main plot); ;Usually tries to leave behind a single impression or effect (The story is built around one character -? Pierre Duping, place -? Montreal, Idea -? a good work is achieved by those who really find common ground); Going deeper to the pre-textual level, we can detect: the title constitutes a nominal syntax which Is compound from a secret – a noun, and for two-a numeral (It requests two people). Usually, a secret Is kept by a single person but here we have a secret shared by two. Secret ; something that should remain hidden from others (especi ally information that is not to be passed on), and it requests info, information – a message received and understood, and confidence – a secret that is confided or entrusted to another.The syntax deals with human reality and it implies the consciousness and the spiritual sphere of human being. The title follows the orientation function: it gives general impressions about hat will happen and what we should discover, it gives hidden hints; the informative function: we should find out something, the text tells something about two person; the pragmatic function: It rises reader's interest as a secret usually is kept by one person but this secret Is shared by two, and you think a secret for two†¦ What Is the secret? Who are they? -? you long for finding out something†¦ At the beginning the narrator places the action in a concrete place: in Montreal (a city in Canada), on Prince Edward Street (actually, it is a prospect nowadays).The time s not defined: it happens in the period when horses and wagons were used to carry and deliver milk. In the centre Pierre Duping is placed. The narrator concretions: he had delivered the milk to the families on the street for thirty years (that's the prologue). Time passes; Pierre and Joseph are getting old. The president encourages him to go to retirement but he refuses (conflict). They continue to deliver milk (development of the action). But comes a cold day when the horse dies (climax). Pierre gets Into a shock. He refuses to work any more (limited of the action). The deep rife doesn't let him hear the wagon's signals. He Is killed Instantly.The doctor states the man has been blind for at least five years (outcome). This was the secret kept by Pierre and his horse. Now analyzing deeper the Intra-textual level I detect 6 major narrative blocks. Each block is characterized by internal semantic and structural alt. L. Hrs narrative Deadlock: Montreal is a very large city. Like all Large cities, it has small s treets. Streets, for example, Like Prince Edward Street -? only four blocks Long. No one knew Prince Edward Street as well as Pierre Duping. He had delivered milk to the families on the street for thirty years. † This paragraph presents the place (Montreal, Prince Edward Street) and introduces the main character (Pierre Duping).It is composed of 5 sentences: 3 sentences comprise descriptive elements (lager city, small streets, four blocks Long), other 2 -? narrative elements (knew Prince Edward Street, He had delivered milk). This part is a perfect example of textual coherence: the linguistic side of coherence is insured by lexical links established between sentences: Montreal is a very large city. Like all Large cities, it has small streets. Ђ? link 1 Like all Large cities, it has small streets. Streets, for example, Like Prince Edward Street-only four blocks Long. -? link 2 Streets, for example, Like Prince Edward Street -? only four blocks Long. No one knew Prince Edwar d Street as well as Pierre Duping -? . Ink 3 No one knew Prince Edward Street as well as Pierre Duping. He had delivered milk to the families on the street for thirty years. -? link 4 Links 1- 4 connects the sentences of the fragment at the surface level, and the use of same lexemes (city, street, Prince Edward Street) insures the psychological side of renounce as it respects the connections between the concepts and idea (Nontransferable city, Prince Edward Street-small street), between objects (Montreal- city-stretchiness Edward Street-Pierre Duping) and actions (He had delivered milk to the families on the street) reported. One can clearly imagine a concrete place and a man who works here.Cohesion comes to support coherence: lexical chain: lexemes presenting place -? Montreal, city, streets, blocks; ellipsis: the omission of the verb -? Streets, for example, Like Prince Edward Street -? only four blocks Long to avoid repetition of has; Tense: Present Simple (is, has: narrator pres ents a general description, available to any time); Past Simple (knew) and Past Perfect (had delivered): places the events in the past as the narrator makes a retrospection of what is being told; 0 Junctions: show comparison (simile: Like all Large cities), illustration (for example, Like Prince Edward Street). They help getting a vivid picture and arises reader's trust; II.Second narrative block: For the past fifteen years, a large white horse pulled his milk wagon. In Montreal, especially in the French part of the city, animals and children are often even the names of saints. Pierce's horse had no name when it first came to the milk company. Pierre was told he could use the horse. He moved his hand gently and lovingly across the horse's neck and sides. He looked into the animal's eyes. â€Å"This is a gentle horse,† Pierre said. â€Å"l can see a beautiful spirit shining out of its eyes. I will name him after Saint Joseph, who also was a gentle and beautiful spirit. † I en Treatment presents another stage when ten mall contracted gets a Eternal -? w horse Joseph.Cohesion is supported here by using pronouns he, it, I, and verbs at Past Simple in active and passive voice (pulled, are given, had, came, was told, moved, looked, said) as the narration is guided to present events; such Junctions reveal emphasis (especially in the French part of the city), time sequence (for the past fifteen years), addition (who also was †¦ ). The text contains a monologue sequence when Pierre reflects about horse's name (â€Å"This is a gentle horse,† Pierre said. â€Å"l can see a beautiful spirit shining out of its eyes. I will name him after Saint Joseph, who also was a gentle and beautiful spirit. â€Å") -? so Pierre is a deep, contemplative person.Among stylistic devices detected here: Epithet: moved his hand gently and lovingly -? the character is a kind person, he loves animals and treats them with a lot of care; gentle horse -? this horse woul d not make problems; ; Metaphor: beautiful spirit shining out of its eyes -? character sees a transcendental, divine energy coming from that animal, that's why he makes a ; Parallelism with Saint Josef who also was a gentle and beautiful spirit; ; Lexical units regard professional terms (milk wagon, company), parts of body (neck, sides, eyes), lexemes connected with religion (Saint Joseph, beautiful spirit). Ill. Third narrative block: After about a year, the horse, Joseph, got to know every house that received milk, and every house that did not. Every morning at five, Pierre arrived at the milk company's stables to find his wagon already filled with bottles of milk and Joseph waiting for him, Pierre would call, â€Å"Bonjour, my old friend,† as he climbed into his seat, while Joseph turned his head toward the driver. The other drivers would smile. They said that the horse smiled at Pierre. Then Pierre would softly call to Joseph, â€Å"Vance, moon aim. And the two would go proudly down the street. Without any order from Pierre, the wagon would roll down three streets. Then it turned right for two streets, before turning left to Saint Catherine Street. The horse finally stopped at the first house on Prince Edward Street. There, Joseph would wait perhaps thirty seconds for Pierre to get down off his seat and put a bottle of milk at the front door. Then the horse walked past the next two houses and stopped at the third. And without being told, Joseph would turn around and come back along the other side. Ah yes, Joseph was a smart horse. Pierre would talk about Joseph. L never touch the reins. He knows Just where to stop.Why, a blind man could deliver my milk with Joseph pulling the wagon. † This part is narrative sequence. A lot of Junctions come to support the cohesion and coherence: a lot of attention is vocalizes on time markers after about a year, every morning at five, adverb already, while, then, before as the events have duration and the cha racter life follows its course; addition and, summary finally, place there. The characters who participate in the action are Joseph (the horse) and Pierre that's why they are the subjects of sentences. Verbs are as usually in the past (AS received, arrived, stopped, smiled, said†¦ ; would call, would go, would Walt, would turn around. As ten action Implies a manually character it's obviously to have a lot of lexemes emphasizing directions and position toward, down, left, right, front, around, back ; lexemes regarding occupation milk company, wagon, driver, reins, pulling; place markers Saint Catherine Street, Prince Edward Street, house; verbs of action received, go down, roll down, turned, walked, deliver, pulling. These words are part of colloquial vocabulary. From literary scapulars should be mentioned barbarisms â€Å"Bonjour, my old friend,† and â€Å"Vance, moon am'† because they offer information about social background of character: Pierre is a Canadian wh o knows French as he works in French part of the city. These formulas become cliches. Also the text includes some stylistic devices: Antithesis: every house that received milk, and every house that did not. Ђ? the structure gives more familiarity and shows that characters were very meticulously; ; Personification: Joseph, got to know, the horse smiled at Pierre, smart horse -? in this way the horse comes a character, the narrator and Pierre reveal their tender attitude toward an animal; ; Allusion: a blind man could deliver my milk with Joseph pulling the wagon -? Pierre knew he had some problems with eyesight and he gave hints to others; ; IV. Forth narrative block: And so it went on for years-always the same. Pierre and Joseph slowly grew old together. Pierce's huge walrus mustache was white now and Joseph didn't lift his knees so high or raise his head quite so much.Jacques, the bossism of the stables, never noticed that they both were getting old until Pierre appeared one mo rning arraying a heavy walking stick. â€Å"Hey, Pierre,† Jacques laughed. â€Å"Maybe you got the gout, hey? † â€Å"Mass out, Jacques,† Pierre said. â€Å"One grows old. One's legs get tired. † â€Å"Well, you should teach that horse to carry the milk to the front door for you,† Jacques told him. â€Å"He does everything else. † The horse knew every one of the forty families that got milk on Prince Edward Street. The cooks knew that Pierre could not read or write; so, instead of leaving orders in an empty milk bottle, they simply sang out if they needed an extra bottle. â€Å"Bring an extra bottle this morning, Pierre,† they often nag when they heard Pierce's wagon rumble over the street. So you have visitors for dinner tonight,† Pierre would happily answer. Pierre also had a wonderful memory. When he arrived at the stable he always remembered to tell Jacques, â€Å"The Pausing took an extra bottle this morning; the Limousine s bought a pint of cream†¦ † Most of the drivers had to make out the weekly bills and collect the money, but Jacques, liking Pierre, never asked him to do this. All Pierre had to do was arrive at five in the morning, walk to his wagon, which always was in the same place, and deliver his milk. He returned about two hours later, got down from his seat, called a cheery â€Å"Au over† to Jacques, then walked slowly down the street.This part contains narrative sequence and ideological sequence. It introduces another character -? Jacques, the bossism of the stables. Narration is supported by verbs in the AS went, grew, was, didn't lift, noticed, appeared, laughed, told, knew, sang, had, returned†¦ Junctions Introduce sun relations as: Alton (Ana so), contrast (so, out), time sequence (until, when, then). Ideological sequence is revealed by those two relations established: Pierre-Jacques, Pierre-cooks. These are familial relations because characters use colloquial le xemes: â€Å"Hey, Pierre†, â€Å"So you have visitors for dinner tonight†. Pierre continues to use barbarisms â€Å"Mass out, Jacques,†, â€Å"Au over†.Other lexemes are included in parts of human body (mustache, knees, head, legs), duties (remembered to tell Jacques, make out the weekly bills, collect the money, arrive at five in the morning, deliver his milk, return about two hours later), regarding his Job (cooks, extra bottle, wagon rumble, deliver, weekly bills). The text contains: ; Epithet: huge walrus mustache -? it sounds like a simile because the Pierce's sachet are as huge as walrus ones; wonderful memory -? he had a good memory; Synecdoche: legs get tired -? actually Pierre got tired, he wanted to paraphrase the fact he is old; Allusion: â€Å"One grows old. One's legs get tired. † -? this is the life, we all get old some day; Sandstone: â€Å"One grows old. One's legs get tired. -? the omission of conjunction makes a little confusion: who really gets old: the horse or Pierre? Whose legs get tired: his or horse? It's a reflection with different interpretations; Irony: Well, you should teach that horse to carry the milk to the front door for you -? it's a Joke tit ironic purpose: Pierre is old and is not able any more to work; V. Fifth narrative block: One day the president of the milk company came to inspect the early morning milk deliveries. Jacques pointed to Pierre and said, â€Å"Watch how he talks to that horse. See how the horse listens and how he turns his head toward Pierre? See the look in that horse's eyes? You know, I think those two share a secret. I have often felt it.It's as though they both sometimes laugh at us as they go off Pierre†¦ Pierre is a good man, Monsieur President, but he is getting old. Maybe he ought to be given a rest, and a mall pension. † â€Å"Oh but of course,† the president laughed. ‘l know Pierce's work. He has been on this job now for thirty years. All who know him, love him. Tell him it is time he rested. He'll get his pay every week as before. † But Pierre refused to leave his Job. He said his life would be nothing if he could not drive Joseph every day. â€Å"We are two old men,† he said to Jacques. â€Å"Let us wear out together. When Joseph is ready to leave, then I too will do so. † There was something about Pierre and his horse that made a man smile tenderly.Each seemed to get some hidden strength from the other. As Pierre sat in is seat, with Joseph tied to the wagon, neither seemed old. But when they finished their work -? then Pierre walked lamely down the street, seeming very old indeed, and the horse's head dropped and he walked slowly to his stall. I Nils part contains International tout ten quality AT Peeler Ana Joseph work revealed mainly in the dialogue of Jacques and the president of the milk company. First three paragraphs represent a ideological sequence. It can be noticed verbs which imply communication (said, talks, look, laughed, tell, refused), nouns regarding Pierce's Job (president, milk company, deliveries, pay, pension, wagon).Among pro-forms the most spread are the pronoun I (l think, I have often felt, I know), he (he turns, he talks, he is getting old, He'll get his pay, He said, he could not drive) when they talk about Pierre, we and they when the couple Pierre-Joseph is stressed. The last paragraph continues the narrative sequence presenting ordinary habits of protagonists (Pierre sat in his seat, with Joseph tied to the wagon, Pierre walked lamely down the street, the horse's head dropped and he walked slowly to his stall). Junctions that come to help the plot reveal most time (One day, When, then), contrast (But). Some stylistic devices should be mentioned: Emotional climax: Watch how he talks to that horse.See how the horse listens and how he turns his head toward Pierre? See the look in that horse's eyes? -? it stresses the emotional intensity got by J acques analyzing Pierre, and he wants to capture president's attention playing with his motiveless; ; Epithet: smile tenderly -? people were smiling with satisfaction, with a lot of admiration; ; Antithesis: As Pierre sat in his seat, with Joseph tied to the wagon, neither ; seemed old. -? . But when they finished their work -? then Pierre walked namely down the street, seeming very old indeed the narrator wants to reveal the magic power that persisted between Pierre-Joseph when they worked together, so they make up a dialectical couple; VI.Sixth narrative block: Then one cold morning Jacques had terrible news for Pierre. It was still dark. The air was like ice. Snow had fallen during the night. Jacques said, â€Å"Pierre, your horse, Joseph, didn't wake up. He was very old, Pierre. He was twenty-five and that is like being seventy-five for a man. † â€Å"Yes,† Pierre said slowly. â€Å"Yes. I am seventy-five. And I cannot see Joseph again. â€Å"Oh, of course you ca n,† Jacques said softly. â€Å"He is over in his stall, looking very peaceful. Go over and see him. † Pierre took one step forward, then turned. â€Å"No†¦ No you don't understand, Jacques. † Jacques patted him on he shoulder. â€Å"We'll find another horse Just as good as Joseph.Why, in a month you'll teach him to know all the homes as well as Joseph did. We'll†¦. † The look in Pierce's eyes stopped him. For years Pierre had worn a large heavy cap that came down low over his eyes. It kept out the bitter cold wind. Now, Jacques looked into Pierce's eyes and he saw something that shocked him. He saw a dead, Lifeless Look in them. â€Å"Take the day off, Pierre,† Jacques said But Pierre was gone limping down the street. Pierre walked to the comer and stepped into the street. There was a warning shout from the driver of a big truck. There was the screech of rubber tires as the truck tried to stop. But Pierre†¦ Pierre heard nothing. Five minutes later a doctor said, â€Å"He's dead†¦ Kilted instantly. â€Å"l couldn't help it,† the truck driver said, â€Å"He walked in front of my truck. He he never saw it, I guess. Why, he walked as though he were blind. † The doctor Dent clown. â€Å"Bin? AT course ten man was ulna. Tense g r WTLS-; I Nils man NAS been blind for five years. † He turned to Jacques, â€Å"You say he worked for you? Didn't you know he was blind? † â€Å"No no † Jacques said softly. â€Å"None of us knew. Only one†¦ Only one knew–a friend of his, named Joseph It was†¦ It was a secret, I think, just between those two. † This part is the biggest and it contains different narrative modes: narration is combined with ideological sequence and with explanatory elements in the end.Vocabulary is made up of lexemes regarding nature reality (morning, dark, air, ice, snow, night, cold wind), human reality (wake up, see, looking, teach, heard, said, alkyd, were blind), traffic (street, warning shout, driver, truck, screech of rubber tires). Following the chronological order time markers are very important Then one cold morning, For years, Now, Five minutes later; and a significant role plays the junction Of course as it emphasizes the moments of emotional intensity, and But -? it rises the thrill. A description opens the block: Then one cold morning Jacques had terrible news for Pierre. It was still dark. The air was like ice. Snow had fallen during the night. -? it creates a specific mood, something bad will happen.Three explanatory sequences help to complete the outcome: Driver's explanation: â€Å"l couldn't help it,† the truck driver said, â€Å"He walked in front of my truck. He he never saw it, I guess. Why, he walked as though he were blind. † he tries to convince the others that it is not his fault, partly he still is in shock; 0 Doctor's explanation: â€Å"Blind? Of course the man was blind. See those gr owths? This man has been blind for five years. † He turned to Jacques, â€Å"You say he worked for you? Didn't you know he was blind? † -? one may notice a little fury in his voice, doctor is really upset, resentful about what appended; 0 Jacques explanation: â€Å"No no † Jacques said softly. â€Å"None of us knew. Only one†¦ Only one knew–a friend of his, named Joseph It was†¦ T was a secret, I think, Just between those two. † -? he also feels terrified, and guilty; Stylistic devices help to enrich artistic language and complete what is unsaid by the narrator: ; Simile: The air was like ice -? it was very cold; He was twenty-five and that is like being seventy-five for a man. † -? they both are very old; We'll find another horse Just as good as Joseph -? a horse that is as gentle as Joseph; he walked as though he were blind -? he didn't see nothing; ; Epithet: terrible news -? very bad news; heavy cap -? a cap that only seemed naiv ely, ; ; Germination: Peeler†¦ Peeler near nothing, He en never saw, Only one†¦ Only one knew, It was†¦ T was a secret -? it's a kind of shock that terrifies the speakers, they are unable to express their thoughts; As it is noticed the narration follows the chronological order because the events presented begin with the moment when Pierre receives the Job and finishes with his death. Also this fact is supported by time markers as after about a year, every ironing at five, then, one day, for thirty years, being seventy-five for a man. The straight line narrative is respected and the facilitation is fixed. The narrator adopts the Ill-person point of view because he wants to give more credibility to the story being told. That's why the text includes more narrative sequences, the majority of verbs are in Past Simple (knew, pulled, said, turned, stopped, sang†¦ ), the use of pronoun he and unctuousness Pierre, Joseph, Jacques, cooks, drivers†¦The narrative perspe ctive is neuter because the narrator use camera recording in presenting the vents: everything is seen like in a movie, first it is described the place (Montreal) then the main characters are introduced (Pierre, Joseph) after that the narrator registers the main relations fixed with other characters Jacques, drivers, cooks, president), their interactions. After G. Genet the narrator point of view is external: what is recorded represents the surface level (For the past fifteen years, a large white horse pulled his milk wagon. In Montreal, especially in the French part of the city, animals and children are often given the names of saints. ); after TX. Outdoor the narrator knows less than his character: N

TEXT Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Russian gas industry and its effects on people environment and Research Paper

Russian gas industry and its effects on people environment and business - Research Paper Example Environmental problems are of a great challenge to Russia’s citizens and the economy causing among others, respiratory and gastrointestinal illness, budgetary strains, reduction of labor productivity and damaging natural resources. This paper focusses on the Russian gas industry and its effects on people environment and business. Russia boasts of holding the largest natural gas reserves with 1, 688 trillion cubic feet as per 2013 reports, a figure that accounts for about a quarter of the world’s total proven reserves. Most of Russia’s reserves are situated in Siberia, Urengoy and Medvezh’ye that account for almost 40% of the country’s total reserves as other reserves are located in the northern Russia (Miller, 2013). Looking at the gas sector organization, the state run Gazprom dominates Russia’s upstream and produces almost 74% of the Russia’s output and further controls more than 65% of proven reserves (World Watch Institute, 2014). Independent producers such as Novatek and LUKoil have also significantly gained and enhanced Russia’s production even though upstream opportunities are narrowed. However, the Gazprom’s monopoly on the Russia’s gas export is on the verge of ending as per the government’s plans. Most of Russia’s natural gas reserve under development and production are in the upper part of Western Siberia although Gazpron is investing in new regions such as the Yamal Peninsula to bring gas deposits into the areas. The renown prolific fields in Siberia include Yamburg , Urengoy and Medvezh’ye that are licensed by Gazpron although the three fields have recorded output declines in the recent years (Miller, 2013). The higher production rate of natural gas in Russia has been triggered by the many companies entering the gas industry such as oil companies preempting to develop their gas reserve. The government is also trying to reduce the ever increasing gas

How to use a Gold in Wind Turbines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

How to use a Gold in Wind Turbines - Essay Example This report focuses on wind turbines, their design and how they can be redesigned using gold in order to increase their efficiency. Introduction The use of wind turbines to harness wind power is not a new technology. It is a concept that has been in operation since as the 7th century. To date, the wind turbines have become a familiar picture with their purpose being simple: to harvest the energy possessed by wind. Wind turbines differ in size depending on the required amount of energy. All wind turbines are made up of 4 major parts; rotor blades, nacelle unit, base and tower ((Energy Center of Wisconsin 1). However, due to the technological advancements, various changes are been made in the design and choice of components in an attempt to increase its efficiency. The following report explains how gold can be used in a wind turbine in order to increase its efficiency. Breakdown of the major parts of a wind turbine As stated earlier, wind turbines come in different sizes depending on t he energy requirements. There are four crucial parts that are essential in any wind turbine. These are rotor blades, nacelle, support tower and the foundation/base as shown in the following figure. Figure 1: The major components of a wind turbine system (Alternative energy eMagazine 7) 1. ... Rotation of the blades makes the turbine rotate thus capturing the kinetic energy contained in the wind (Energy Center of Wisconsin 2). 2. The Nacelle This part can be referred to as the ‘engine system’ of the wind turbine. It houses the generator and the gearbox that are connected to the rotor blades through a shaft and system of gears. The gears are used to increase the rotation speed of the blades. Rotation of the blades results in rotation of the generator. The generator converts the kinetic energy possessed in the wind into electrical energy (Energy Center of Wisconsin 3). 3. Support Tower They are elevated a few feet from the ground and are used to hoist the rotor blades and the nacelle unit to heights where there is likely to be little barriers to wind motion. The most common design is a round steel cylinder. It also houses the electrical conduits and also contains a ladder running outside it to provide access to the rotor blades and nacelle unit for maintenance a nd repair services (Energy Center of Wisconsin 4). 4. Base/Foundation The base is constructed using concrete that is reinforced with steel bars. The foundation holds the entire system in position thus is constructed with utmost caution. Choice of Materials for each component 1. Rotor Blades As stated earlier, the blades may be made from fiberglass, plastic, or metal. Regardless of the material used, the blades must be designed to capture the maximum surface area of the wind. They are also designed using a light weight material that is also durable and corrosion resistant. For this reason, most blades are made from reinforced plastic and fiberglass (Layton 5). 2. Nacelle unit In this unit, the major components are the generator and the gear box

Critically analyse why nursing care of care of patients depends upon Essay

Critically analyse why nursing care of care of patients depends upon evidence from research and is not so much reliant upon opinion and ritual - Essay Example Ritual-based nursing care, on the other hand, follows nursing procedures that have been designed and documented to be followed (Eizenberg, 2010). Here nurses implement directions without questioning their reasons or effectiveness. Individually held opinions and rituals, therefore, are being practiced without acknowledgement of the reason for their practice. Evidence based nursing practice is aimed at achieving the provision of the highest quality of nursing care. It is more effective than relying on the traditional diagnosing and treatment methods since it employs contemporary knowledge during the decision making process (McCrae, 2011). Of late, nurses are increasingly giving evidence-based nursing care preference over ritual-based and opinion-based. This paper critically analyses why this is so. It does so by pointing out the importance and benefits of relying on research evidence and showing the implications of evidence-based practice on nurses and their profession. A ritual is a predetermined order of performing an activity (Stanhope and Lancaster, 2009). Opinion and ritual-based nursing practices involve administering nursing care practices without thinking of the reasons behind such a practice (Makic et al, 2013). A nurse in this model undertakes a nursing practice primarily because it has always been done that way. Nursing practices based on rituals and opinions are characterized by ceremonial and observance practices. There is extensive observation of protocols and formality. Prescription is based on stereotyping individuals and routines (Stevens, 2013). The ritual-based model was popular among the nurses in the past because the nurses were not tasked with making decisions that would make them liable. The nurses were, essentially, not decision makers but rather implementers of book details. As long as they implement the manual instructions to the latter, they had the satisfaction that they had

Annotated bibliographies for 3 journal articles Bibliography

Bibliographies for 3 journal articles - Annotated Bibliography Example Annotated bibliographies for 3 journal articles It is time that we take a look at some of the old social issues that still continue to plague us, in a completely new perspective, in order to solve the problem once and for all. This article by Castle gives us an insight into the world of ‘forced migration’ and the effects that it may have had on the social changes that we see around us today. Forced migration may arise from displacements owing to ongoing wars, environmental disasters, ‘failed states’, or, even from ‘developmental projects’, which causes displacement of many people (mainly the poor and ethnic people), and illegal trafficking of men for bonded labour, and women and child for sex exploitation. Such forced migration which had seen an upward surge after the end of the Cold War, has remarkably changed the social demographics of many countries (in the northern hemisphere) in the twentieth century. A large number of immigrating crowds have led to a complete change in the sociological conditions in those host countries. The author in the article explores the main reasons behind these sudden immigrations, which has causes such huge changes in the social demograp hics, in the northern part of the world. The article does a close review of the topic of social transformation that we are seeing today in this globalised world, and links it to the issue of forced migration, which had showed a sudden spurt after the end of Cold War in 1991, with the breakdown of the then USSR, resulting in the supreme reign of USA as the world power.

Drug Allergy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Drug Allergy - Essay Example tion, the patient developed signs of a re-infection with new right lower lobe infiltrate and the fever did not resolve despite empiric antibiotic therapy for 48 hours on the same antibiotics. Ans to Q1: After 4 days of discontinuation of the antibiotics, the patient became tachypnoeic with a rise in the neutrophil count and a fever of 102 degrees Fahrenheit and appearance of a pulmonary infiltrate. It is clear that the initial therapeutic course was uneventful. Although the patient has a history of childhood penicillin allergy, no penicillin drug was utilized at this illness, and therefore, it can be taken for granted that there was no previous exposure at this illness, and it has appeared following several treatment days. These allergic drug reactions usually subside after discontinuation of the drug. The only point against this diagnosis is absence of peripheral blood eosinophilia (Van Arsdel, Jr., 1982). This reaction can be classified as unpredictable reaction since it is evident that this happened in a dose-independent fashion without any relation to the pharmacological action of these agents. This could be one of the three, idiosyncratic reactions, allergic reactio ns, or pseudoallergic reactions. Thus following discontinuation of the drugs, there is a possibility of development of development of drug specific IgE antibodies which night have been responsible for nonspecific mast cell release. However, in this patient, as it looks like it is a drug fever with organ specific reactions that may indicate a multifactorial origin. Due to this allergic reaction, the patient developed pneumonitis, and there is immense possibility that the renal failure that continued is actually enhancement of baseline renal failure on which renal reactions of drug allergy had been superimposed. Most probably these drugs could have produced univalent chemical compounds as a result of phase I reactions, and these might have been activated to trigger the immune response with

A report on the care programme approach (CPA) within NHS Essay

A report on the care programme approach (CPA) within NHS - Essay Example The scope of this report is to appraise relevant Government initiatives in taking healthcare policies forward, with particular reference to the CPA to serve as a basis for improved service planning for the future. The Government in 1999, brought out a document named â€Å"Effective co-ordination in Mental Health Services: A policy booklet modernising the Care Programme Approach.† One of the observations made this is that â€Å"Mental illness places demands on services that no one discipline or agency can meet alone.† (2) This led to recognition of the need for a system to effectively co-ordinate health, social care and related services â€Å"to work in harmony to the benefit of the service user.† (2 ibid) A major milestone that accelerated the pace of integrated health care service delivery was the issue of a White paper named â€Å"Our health, our care, our say: a new direction for community services,† (3) in January 2006. This White paper sets the baseline for healthcare services in the country for the future. This report aims to bring out an appraisal on the implementation of strategies, objectives and goals relating to healthcare underpinned in various Government initiatives to make the CPA for mental health services more result oriented. This aim is accomplished through a critical study of documents released by the Government from time to time, on implementation of the policies and programmes and on monitoring these and accomplishments reported. The findings include understanding of the policies initiated in 1991 through significant reforms brought out on the CPA since 1999, taking forward the initial policies, formulation of National standards on mental health and various other reforms that influenced the healthcare Sector as a whole. Documents researched particularly include reviews of the progress and effectiveness of the policies programmes and initiatives and improvements accomplished. People of working age have a mental health

Unemployment and Poverty in Interwar Britain Essay Example for Free

Unemployment and Poverty in Interwar Britain Essay To interpret the interwar years of the British took a lot of different views according to the statuesque of one person in the comparison. It is precisely depending on topics, to some extent of interest. Perhaps in focus of economic depression of the interwar brought the period of worst turning point in Welsh history, at which it is the region of Britain that experience the height levels of levels of unemployment and greatest degree of poverty.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The wars brought a great impact to the nation status like economic and political condition. During war time people suffers a lot of agony. Many people like for example, the Liverpool dockworker, writers, political activist like George Garret and George Orwell, the historians shared opinions of the existing war of British, â€Å"Orwell vision is symbolic of traditional view of British society between the wars† (Orwell, George, Boston, 2000.1). With these Orwell’s vision, many argued and did not agree. This is the reason why must Historians never content with traditional views.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Historians interpretation of interwar Britain have not, therefore, completely changed views of   this period but it gave them a more complex and realistic understanding through. That is why; historian sees that Orwell is only one sided and did not tell the whole truth. Historians tried to see the contradiction of the age – â€Å"with poverty and affluence, underemployment but also new expanding industries† (www.groupstudystop.co.uk).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I think the reason why Liverpool dockworker, writer, and political activist did not like George Orwell’s book since it is biased. He does not reveal the true scenery of what was the true picture of the conditions during those interwar days.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Noting in the past of the dockworker who suffered from â€Å"under schooled, under housed, under paid, under cared for an almost respects and with no reasonable hope of betterment, from an Old Etopian† (www.Historystripstop.co.uk), the most rich and powerful at that time. On the part of writer they do analyze and make assumptions that there is no doubt why poverty still exists at that time. These were the pessimistic accounts among literally men social investigator somewhat like a political activist like George Garret and John Lehman.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Looking back history, during the time at which at first glance look at England those days where peace still exist, it is unusual of foreign people to see English people in existence to the country. It is also said that the accent referred by Americans as â€Å"the English Accent†, is not common to almost all people at that time. Even movies and other advertisement dealt with hostile or friendly, nearly all generalizations made about England during that based on the property owning class. It was most overpowered by people who have had a great and big investment. The truth is that people was ruin by other people who just came bringing wealth just to ruin the country. In fact, the book wrote by George Orwell doesn’t reveal the fact about England those days. Actually the book titled: The Road of Wigan Pier does not reveal much about the actual situation of the society those days. Its is said that â€Å" It is worth trying for a moment to put oneself in the position of foreign observer, new England , but unprejudiced, and able because of his work, to keep in touch with ordinary people , useful unspectacular people†( Orwell, George. 2000. Pp. 1.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Garret mean to what he says, â€Å"That it( The Road of Wigan Pier)†appears to be left book since it is just nothing to revealed the fact of what is really happening. It does not give factual information but just hide the things going wrong on the matter. Garret judge the book as junk one. References: Orwell, George. The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell. Vol. 3. Boston. 2000. Page 1. www.countrybookshop.co.uk. www.groupstudystop.co.uk

Ways Groups of People Are Identified Essay Example for Free

Ways Groups of People Are Identified Essay 1. What are some of the ways groups of people are identified? There are many ways that a group of people can be identified but the four criteria for classifying minority groups are race, ethnicity, religion, and gender. Race is mainly determined by the color of someone’s skin, hair (in some instances eyes), height, and bone structure of the human body: big head, narrow eyes, tall short. Ethnicity is determined by where you were born and raised and what cultural patterns. Religion and is determined by what your beliefs and religious group you are a part of. Gender is determined easily enough but it does matters if you are male or female for the fact that each is treated differently. Males seem to have it easy most of the time and woman are always treated as though they are weaker. These four criteria’s are the main ones but there are so many more such as age, disability status, physical appearance, and sexual orientation they all are used to group people. There is always another factor that is sometimes over looked and that is our appearance; skinny, fat and even what we wear are we well dressed and clean all of the time or are we in regular day to day clothes or are we dressed in rags torn, ripped and dirty clothing. Also there is the money factor how much does one have or don’t have to many people the money factor matters most people like to know that they know people with money. Are these people wealthy with more money than they will every need or do they just have enough or do they struggle or worse yet do they not have anything leaving them going from home to home or street to street or going to government and privet programs for help. 2. Why do people label and group other people? I have thought about this question and it made me realize that not only do people label and group other people but we also label ourselves putting ourselves in categories that please us. Plus it gives us our sense of belonging to something that most people â€Å"need† to feel. Getting back to the question; I think it is something that we all do whether we realize it or not. Labeling and grouping help people to determine who we should or who we should not interact with. It helps people and sometimes it does just the opposite and destroys people it’s like having a power a power to have some control over other people. I can almost see it in another time a man running through the streets with a label machine placing labels on everyone’s forehead yelling â€Å"You are who I say you are! † Scary thought! We constantly label people in a negative light due to difference of opinion due to religion, political view, sexual preference, parenting method you name it we do it, even children do this and it is not done intentionally they were not taught this, too me it almost seems like it is a defense mechanism keeping themselves even ourselves safe from what we may consider to be harmful. In the end people are just that â€Å"people† we are nothing more and nothing less. People label others either to feel empowered or to praise someone but in the end we are Human Beings and that is it. We may think and act differently but we are what we are and if people could just except that then the future might not ever have to deal with the positive and mainly the negative effects that come with being labeled and tossed into a group that was thought up by others. Resources Schaefer, R. T. (2012). (Ch. 1 2) Racial and ethnic groups (13th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Restatement problem definition technique

Restatement problem definition technique Task 1 The purpose of the task is to choose one of the scenarios and to apply the Present state/Desired state, Duncker Diagram and Statement/Restatement problem definition technique. The scenario 1 is about the problem associated with the recycling of post-consumer waste. It has been observed that even in the most cooperative and environment conscious communities, bins of recyclable waste contains 10% of wrong recyclable or non-recyclable material. For disposing non-recyclable material present in recyclable bins, recycling company has to spend lot of money. The problem needs investigation from the recycling company CEOs point of view. Summary of additional information gathered Generation of waste is strongly associated to population and urbanization [1]. Improvement of existing waste management technique is a prime concern for developing countries. In past, the most inexpensive practice for disposing waste was to place it in landfills. Despite the fact that the landfills were used to manage the waste, the need for restitution of the landfills, release of toxic gases, limited accessibility of the land for the landfills etc., still remains a great challenges for metropolitan cities. The ever increasing post-consumer waste has many adverse effects on the health of people, such as pollution of underground water and soil, bad smell from landfills and release of green house gases like CO2 and CH4 [1]. The concept of 3Rs which says reduce, reuse and recycle has become a key notion for waste management. The finest way to manage waste is not to create it. Generation of waste should be minimized at household level by avoiding excess use of non-environmental friendly goods. Recycling is the also one of the best option for waste management as it offers several advantages like utilization of waste which would otherwise be dumped in landfills and also decrease in use of new resources [2]. Novel methods of sorting non-recyclable waste from recyclable should be brought in use. The production capacity of paper in Malaysia has reached up to 1,300,000 T/year [3] but it is still low as compared to the consumption of paper there. Paper mills in Malaysia are now relying on machines which can sort different grades of paper. After sorting, high quality paper can be recycled. Malaysian paper mills are saving lot of money, energy, reducing the amount of landfills, reducing incineration and above all conserving their natural resources [3]. Shutting down of Freshkills Landfills in Staten Island in 2001 has strained the city of New York to find other methods of waste management. To dispose huge amount of waste, New York City is exporting parts of its waste to Virginia and its neighboring state. Remarkable increase in disposal tipping fees in recent years has forced New York City to find other methods for waste management. Recycling provides a striking alternative as it helps in decreasing pollution, providing employments and preserving energy. Municipal Corporation in New York City is now relying on materials recovery facility (MRF). MRF collects waste, segregates wrong or non recyclable waste from recyclable waste, recycle the waste and stores it as raw material for manufacturing industry. By doing this, City of New York is saving nearly $46 million per year from the total amount it spends today for waste disposal [4]. Present state/Desired State Technique Discussion: The present state talks about the presence of wrong or non-recyclable material whereas desired state talks about maximizing companys profit by proper separation and disposal of non-recyclable waste. There is no match between the present state and the desired state. Further reworking of statements is required. Discussion: These states are matched, but there is no clear difference between the present and the desired state. Desired state somewhat solves the issue in present state i.e. company has to spend money for disposing non-recyclable waste. Actual problem is not resolved yet therefore further reworking of solution is required. Discussion There is perfect one to one mapping between present and desired state. The problem addressed in present state is completely resolved in desired state. The desired state focuses on attaining zero percent contamination in recyclable bins. Therefore, if there is no non-recyclable or wrong recyclable material in recyclable bin there is no point in disposing it and there is no cost for disposing it. These statements can therefore be considered as the best statements for actual problem. Duncker Diagram Statement-Restatement Technique Original problem statement: Bins of recyclable material contain 10% of wrong or non-recyclable material and recycling company has to spend money for its disposal. Trigger 1: Emphasizing on different words and phrases Bins of recyclable material contain 10% of wrong or non-recyclable material and recycling company has to spend money for its disposal. Is there any other way to collect waste? Bins of recyclable material contain 10% of wrong or non-recyclable material and recycling company has to spend money for its disposal. How can we reduce percentage of wrong or non-recyclable material? Bins of recyclable material contain 10% of wrong or non-recyclable material and recycling company has to spend money for its disposal. Can we make use of these wrong or non-recyclable materials? -Some materials like used polythene bags can be reused as trash bags in houses for trash cans. In this way consumer can reduce the use of non-recyclable material. Bins of recyclable material contain 10% of wrong or non-recyclable material and recycling company has to spend money for its disposal. How can we reduce cost for disposing non-recyclable waste? Trigger 2: Substituting the explicit definition Containers of reusable materials are contaminated with non-reusable materials that are in fact, expensive to dump. Trigger 3: Making opposite sentence How to make bins of recyclable material contamination free, thus company has to spend no money for its disposal? Trigger 4: Use relaxing constraints Bins of recyclable material are never contaminated and there is no cost for its disposal. This technique helps us to think in different way. It motivates to develop a method so that recycle bins never get any contamination. Trigger 5: Replacing persuasive words The problem statement implies that we obviously want zero contamination of recyclable waste so that company has to spend no money for its disposal. Thus, if we could avoid contamination at source by marking the bins and classifying non-recyclable and recyclable waste for consumers. Trigger 6: Expressing words in the form of equation This statement can be expressed in equation form: Contamination in recyclable bin is directly proportional to presence of non-recyclable material. Therefore, By replacing, proportionality sign (with proportionality constant (k). This trigger helps us in thinking in alternative way. What factors affect the value of k? How can we minimize the presence of non-recyclable material? Proper tagging of bins, classification of non-recyclable materials and recyclable materials for consumers, reducing use of non-recyclable material etc. can help in reducing contamination of recycle bins. References Moldes, Y. Cendon, M. T. Barral, â€Å"Evaluation of municipal solid waste compost as a plant growing media component, by applying mixture design,† Bioresource Technology, vol. 98, no. 16, November 2007. V. W. Y Tam, C. M. Tam, â€Å"A review on the viable technology for construction waste recycling,† Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 209-221, June 2006. M. O. Rahman, M. A. Hannan, E. Scavino, A. Hussain, H. Basri, â€Å"An Efficient Paper Grade Identification Method for Automatic Recyclable Waste Paper Sorting,† European Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 96-103, 2009. A. J. Dubanowitz, â€Å"Design of a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) For Processing the Recyclable Materials of New York Citys Municipal Solid Waste,† M.S. thesis, Dept.Earth and Environmental Eng., Columbia Univ., May 2000 [online]. Available at http://www.seas.columbia.edu/earth/dubanmrf.pdf, retrieved on 09/29/09.

Lewis Carroll Essay -- essays research papers fc

â€Å"Jabberwocky† Lewis Carroll Jabberwocky: Sense or Nonsense 'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe; All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths outgrabe. "Beware the Jabberwock, my son The jaws that bite, the claws that catch! Beware the Jubjub bird, and shun The frumious Bandersnatch!" He took his vorpal sword in hand; Long time the manxome foe he sought-- So rested he by the Tumtum tree, And stood awhile in thought. And, as in uffish thought he stood, The Jabberwock, with eyes of flame, Came whiffling through the tulgey wood, And burbied as it came! One, two! One, two! And through and through The vorpal blade went snicker-snack! He left it dead, and with its head He went galumphing back. "And hast thou slain the Jabberwock? Come to my arms, my beamish boy! O frabjous day! Callooh! Callay!" He chortled in his joy. 'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe; All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths outgrabe. 1886 Paraphrase In attempting to paraphrase this particular poem it must be considered that it derived from a book written almost purely of nonsense. Many of the words in this poem are the own creation of the author and only he knows the real interpretation. However, some of the words have been described in the book and others in letters by the author. The words of the previous poem are often a combination of two, maybe even three words, all put into one, while others are just nonsense and for the amusement of the reader. All things considered, here is an attempt at a line by line paraphrase of the poem "Jabberwocky". Jabberwocky: Sense or Nonsense It was evening, and the smooth active badgers Were scratching and boring holes in the hill-side; All unhappy were the parrots; And the grave turtles squeaked out Beware of the Jabberwock, my son! Of its jaws that bite, and its claws that catch! Be aware of the Jubjub bird, and shun The fuming and furious Bandersnatch! He took his mighty sword i... ...roll did in his works. Bibliography Blake, Kathleen â€Å"Lewis Carroll.† Dictionary of Literary Biography. Ed. Ira B. Nadel, William E. Fredeman. Rev. Ed. 18 vols. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research Company, 1983 Carroll, Lewis. Alice in Wonderland. Norton Critical Edition. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1992. "Carroll, Lewis," Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2000 http://encarta.msn.com  © 1997-2000 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Connell, Kate. "Opium as a Possible influence upon Alice Books" 22 Mar 2000. The Victorian Web. <http://landow.stg.brown.edu/victorian/victov.html>. Egoff, Sheila A. "Worlds Within: Children's Fantasy from the Middle Ages to Today. Chicago: American Library Association, 1988. Empson, William. "Alice in Wonderland: The Child as Swain." 1935. World Literature Criticism, 1500 to the Present. Ed. James P. Draper. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 1992. 634-35. Sewell, Elizabeth. The Field of Nonsense London: Chatto and Windus LTD., 1952. Smith, Karen â€Å"Lewis Carroll.† Dictionary Literary Biography. Ed. Meena Khorana. Rev. ed. 163 vols. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research Inc., 1996

Richard Rodriguez :: essays research papers

Close Reading "It mattered that education was changing me. It never ceased to matter. My brother and sisters would giggle at our mother’s mispronounced words. They’d correct her gently. My mother laughed girlishly one night, trying not to pronounce sheep as ship. From a distance I listened sullenly. From that distance, pretending not to notice on another occasion, I saw my father looking at the title pages of my library books. That was the scene on my mind when I walked home with a fourth-grade companion and heard him say that his parents read to him every night. (A strange sounding book-Winnie the Pooh.) Immediately, I wanted to know, what is it like?" My companion, however, thought I wanted to know about the plot of the book. Another day, my mother surprised me by asking for a "nice" book to read. "Something not too hard you think I might like." Carefully I chose one, Willa Cather’s My ‘Antonia. But when, several weeks later, I happene d to see it next to her bed unread except for the first few pages, I was furious and suddenly wanted to cry. I grabbed up the book and took it back to my room and placed it in its place, alphabetically on my shelf." (p.626-627) As seen in this paragraph of Richard Rodriguez’s autobiographical essay "Achievement of Desire", he looks back on his childhood remembering his family, friends, and himself. Although, he can only recall feeling anger and sadness at the fact that his parents were poorly educated. His feelings are first seen when he listens sullenly to his mother try and pronounce the word sheep correctly. It seems like he is angered at the not only his mother for not speaking correct English but also his siblings for not correcting her harshly. He adds beforehand that his brother and sister would giggle at her for pronouncing words wrong and that they would "correct her gently." Also Rodriguez feels emptiness, and sadness when his friend informs him that his parents read "Winnie the Pooh" to him every night and young Richard wants to know what it is like (being read to). What made him feel this emptiness or sadness was when his friend mistook his question and told him the plot of the book instead. "My companion, however, thought I wanted to know about the plot of the book." He wants to know what it is like to have educated parents that can read to him but that is not possible. Richard Rodriguez :: essays research papers Close Reading "It mattered that education was changing me. It never ceased to matter. My brother and sisters would giggle at our mother’s mispronounced words. They’d correct her gently. My mother laughed girlishly one night, trying not to pronounce sheep as ship. From a distance I listened sullenly. From that distance, pretending not to notice on another occasion, I saw my father looking at the title pages of my library books. That was the scene on my mind when I walked home with a fourth-grade companion and heard him say that his parents read to him every night. (A strange sounding book-Winnie the Pooh.) Immediately, I wanted to know, what is it like?" My companion, however, thought I wanted to know about the plot of the book. Another day, my mother surprised me by asking for a "nice" book to read. "Something not too hard you think I might like." Carefully I chose one, Willa Cather’s My ‘Antonia. But when, several weeks later, I happene d to see it next to her bed unread except for the first few pages, I was furious and suddenly wanted to cry. I grabbed up the book and took it back to my room and placed it in its place, alphabetically on my shelf." (p.626-627) As seen in this paragraph of Richard Rodriguez’s autobiographical essay "Achievement of Desire", he looks back on his childhood remembering his family, friends, and himself. Although, he can only recall feeling anger and sadness at the fact that his parents were poorly educated. His feelings are first seen when he listens sullenly to his mother try and pronounce the word sheep correctly. It seems like he is angered at the not only his mother for not speaking correct English but also his siblings for not correcting her harshly. He adds beforehand that his brother and sister would giggle at her for pronouncing words wrong and that they would "correct her gently." Also Rodriguez feels emptiness, and sadness when his friend informs him that his parents read "Winnie the Pooh" to him every night and young Richard wants to know what it is like (being read to). What made him feel this emptiness or sadness was when his friend mistook his question and told him the plot of the book instead. "My companion, however, thought I wanted to know about the plot of the book." He wants to know what it is like to have educated parents that can read to him but that is not possible.

Comparing Artist of the Beautiful, Rappaccinis Daughter, Birthmark and

Comparing Perfection in Artist of the Beautiful, Rappaccini's Daughter, Birthmark and Prophetic Pictures In four of Hawthorne's stories there is a struggle for power and control as a vehicle to obtain perfection or beauty. In "The Artist of the Beautiful", "Rappaccini's Daughter", "The Birthmark" and "The Prophetic Pictures" the characters are controlled by their desire for perfection in their creations, but they do not achieve their goals without sacrifice. In "The Artist of the Beautiful" Owen is spends years perfecting his creation. His quest for "the Beautiful" controls him. His sensitivity to delicate perfection affects him even physically as he is made ill by the large mechanical steam engine. "Being once carried to see a steam-engine...he turned pale and grew sick, as if something monstrous and unnatural had been presented to him". He is as delicate as the butterfly he creates. "For Heaven's sake...as you would not drive me mad, do not touch it! The slightest pressure of your finger would ruin me forever". In his obsessive pursuit of perfection he cuts himself off from the human experience. He builds what he believes he was "created for" without a thought to what he is sacrificing to achieve his goal. The butterfly is mysterious and beautiful, but for all of his effort it is destroyed.   Years are sacrificed in the quest for perfection. To Owen the sacrifice may have been well worth it, but considering Hawthorne's warnings about the folly of separating oneself from humanity in other stories, he may again be saying that Owen's quest for mechanical perfection is an empty victory in light of the life and joy he could have had with Annie. In "Rappaccini's Daughter" the scientist sacrifices his own daughter to bot... ...retched lady!...did I not warn you?", "You did...but- I love him!" Apparently, the artist painted the truth and the fate of Elinor's relationship with Walter, but persuaded by love, she chose to ignore his warnings. The power of the artist is clear. He tried to make Elinor see her future with Walter clearly. But it was the power of denial (and the power of love?) that Elinor chose to follow. I think Hawthorne may be implying in these stories that perfection is unattainable and the quest for it may be unrewarding, even fatal. In these and some of Hawthorne's other stories, I believe he is reminding people of the delicate blessings of life. Our pursuit of happiness outside of a connection with other people and our reckless endeavor to supersede the power of the supernatural may result in temporary satisfaction, but is ultimately unfulfilling and even dangerous.

Rap Music

Daniel Cha English T/TR 7am 27 Febuarany 2013 Essay 1 Rap's Opposing views When it comes to defining rap music, some define it as poetry in the form of music. Even though rap music is thought of as a form of art, it is highly debated as a controversial social issue. Author   Sid Kirchheimer from † Does rap put teens at risk† makes a claim that rap music is a detriment to our youth. He believes that negative behaviors is the outcome of people watching and listening to rap music. Author Curtis Aron from â€Å"Rap Music: Is It As Bad As Some People Think? Thinks otherwise and claims that rap music is looked at as a whole and is greatly misunderstood. Aron explains that the genre of rap music is blanketed by its popular view of being a negative influence and is being greatly misunderstood. Using the Toulmin model of argument, both arguments offer very good reasons why their arguments provide persuasive evidence about the different perspectives of rap music. Kirchheimer's w arrant is, that initially rap music automatically leaves a bad tastes in peoples mouth. Kirchheimer's view on rap is that because teens watch so much television they are exposed to what he calls â€Å"reel life of a gangsta. By watching these rap videos, they are more likely to practice the behaviors they see off their favorite rap artists or rap music video. He claims that because of long hours of exposure to rap music teenagers are starting to behave like what they see on television. His grounds offer truths because his claim of watching rap videos is backed with statistically data. He says, â€Å"Researchers found that compared to those who never or rarely watched these videos, the girls who viewed these gangsta videos for at least 14 hours per week were far more likely to practice numerous destructive behaviors.Over the course of the one-year study, they were three times more likely to hit a teacher, over 2. 5 times more likely to get arrested, twice as likely to have multiple sexual partners and 1. 5 times more likely to get a sexually transmitted disease, use  drugs, or drink alcohol. â€Å"Rap initially does leave a bad taste in people mouths, the quote provides statistical evidence that supports why people should and would despise it. Aron, with his own warrant states, that genre of rap music is blanketed by its popular view of being a negative influence.Aron says that â€Å"Rap music has long had a reputation of being a form of music that represents violence, sexual exploitation and excess. The genre has been criticized in the media, associated with some of the nation's social ill and seen by a good number of people as bad on citizens in general. † He first goes against his own viewpoints to prove that he understands the issue. He provides a counterargument to prove he is a reliable source about how rap can be seen as a social ill. Aron's use of the Toulmin argument continues as he offers his rebuttal and backing by saying, not all rap mus ic is bad music.Aron states, â€Å"There is some rap music that is created with the intention of sending a positive message to its audience. There are songs that denounce violence and call for more peace and togetherness in the inner city in an attempt to improve the quality of life. † Some truth that the author stresses is how there is positive rap and it can serve as a purpose of improving social consciousness. An example rap group he uses to provide evidence to his backing is a group named â€Å"The East Coast AllStars. † He supports this group because it adds qualification that not all rap music is bad music.But most importantly because the group understands that music is highly influential, so they really push and write songs that gives positive influence to these communities that are being run by violence, sex, and drug exploitations. Kirchheimer also reveals that he understands both sides of the subject by stating a counterargument of his own. He says that, â₠¬Å"Parents need to know what their children are being exposed to. Certainly, rap is not the only music that portrays negative stereotypes or can negatively impact behaviors, and not all rap music should be implicated.But there have been nearly 1,000 studies that have looked at the effects. † Kirchheimer shows a weak side by admitting that not all rap music should be implicated. He is rationale and does admit that all rap music is not the case. How he collects himself is by telling readers to be aware that the studies about the effects are true. He also uses emotional evidence by explaining that parents especially should be aware of what their children are watching and listening too. Aron's reaction to Kirchheimer response is that he recognizes that people are so influenced by rap music.People especially children see these rappers and replicate their behaviors. Curtis Aron spills one huge secret that most of the things rappers and artist say they do are bias. Aron writes, †Å"Many times, the rap artist is creating a fictionalized account of certain events for the purpose of intriguing and entertaining people and sometimes uses characters to facilitate those accounts†¦ This is no different from other forms of entertainment, in particular, the movie industry. When our favorite actor portrays a gun toting, drug using, highly sexual character in a movie, it is not seen as degenerate. He gives a broader and new perspective on how people should view these fictional characters. Rappers are much like fictional characters from movies. He explains that the things they do such as gun toting, drug using, and sexual innuendos are all for the purpose of intriguing and entertaining people. In the highly debated argument of rap music being a controversial issue, both Kirchheimer and Aron are identifying themselves as a scholarly source about the subject of rap music. Both understand and access reliable information to be used as a notable source.Through the Toulmi n model argument, both Sid Kirchheimer and Curtis Aron provide great strengths and explore the topic of rap to educate readers about their views. Kirchheimer states, that initially rap music automatically leaves a bad tastes in peoples mouth and provides good warrants and evidence to back his view. However, Aron proves that his argument is stronger as he educates that the readers that his warrant, the genre of rap music is blanketed by its popular view of being a negative influence. He gives evidence of both for and against the issue and expands over Kirchheimer's argument.

Media influences/Reflects society Essay

Media plays a significant role in our society as a routine in our daily lives that also leads the society with beneficial roles. Media is a massive tool that enhance the society with networking information and develop communication skills with the combination of television,magazines,books,newspapers and more. However, media does not only reflects society but influences them too from few perspectives such as food and electronic devices and fashion Media influences the society by electronic devices _ children or younger generations are the group of society that being influenced easily especially by electronic devices such as internet,smart phones,video games and so on that this is also stated by grath s.jowett,lan c.jarve and Kathryn h.fuller in children and the movies( media influence and the payne fund controversy) from press syndicate of university of Cambridge,1996 _instead of reading books and involving in sports or outdoor activities they are more attracted towards engaging into social activities _spend more time watching television,tv shows, dramas, movies but most of the children now a days uses internet and gadgets such as smart phones to interact with others _ Based on Violent Video Games, Delinquency, and Youth Violence: New Evidence Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice April 2013 11: 132-142, first published on October 17, 2012 also shows the negative effects due to addiction towards video games that causes lack of focus in academics, changes in attitude like ethics/ moral values _besides that, action packed or animated movies from (HBO, TIME WARNER,WALT DISNEY ) like transformer and spiderman actually influences the kids pyshologically and mentally. They tend to imitate and live in a imaginary world where superheros exist _ live tv show such as WWD(wrestling shows) and also video games allows children or youth to behave aggressively and verbally too as stated in Media violence and the American public: Scientific facts versus media misinformation. Bushman, Brad J.; Anderson, Craig A.American Psychologist, Vol 56(6-7), Jun-Jul 2001, 477-489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.6-7.477Media influences the society by food _food is use as a marketing tool to attract people by many strategies such as advertising ads, tv progammes,blogs, newspaper and so on  that actually has a negative impact _Malaysia has the highest rate of obese among society ,one of the reason is media that distracts people by all type of advertisement that is unnesscesary at times based on a newspaper article Obesity rise alarming, says MuhyiddinBy ADIB POVERA | news@nst.com.my Saturday, October 11, 2014, 3:27 AM New Straits Times _Based on MALAYSIA: Malaysia Debates On Fast Food Ads http://www.gala-marketlaw.com/archives-52004/86-asia-a-pacific/167-malaysia-malaysia-debates-on-fast-food-ads By Author: Patrick Mirandah, Patrick Mirandah & Co that the ads for the fast food is the main growing factor of this issue _this Is because now a days youngsters are influenced by western food such as fast food and majority of them are addicted to fast food such as (MC DONALDS,KFC) that can be compared by our ancestors when media was not even a there to influenced them _media created this new perception that is influenced by the upcoming generation that will have an effect towards of society in nation building _instead of promoting on food affairs,there should be more on awareness among the society especially teenagers that motivates them to stay healty and active Media influences the society in fashion _fashion industry is slowly changing to ideal beauty of the world where models with real curves have started to filter into mainstream commercials and advertisements, giving the consumer a look of what they want to be _According to Rob Frankel, this generation is â€Å"way more tuned into media† simply because so much media is available to them. Therefore, young people are most likely to be observing celebrity behavior, and at a time in their life when they are still forming their values (Frankel 2010). _for an example, Isabelle Caro, a French actress and model whose anorexic image appeared in an Italian ad campaign at the Italian fashion week whom died at age of 28 based on new york times by William grimes dec 30 2010 _besides that, One victim of this trend was Jeremy Gillitzer, who was once a male model with stunning good looks and a six-pack. He later got down to 66 lbs. after being ravaged by anorexia. He ended up dying at age 38. _Often these people/celebrities are addicted to drugs and/or alcohol, engage in risky behavior, and are often dangerously thin from the aforementioned problems. This creates more pressure on society and a massive reason to be influenced _ Celebrities are generally the center point of many adolescent lives because of a particular talent, fashion and their behavior (Wilson, 2009). â€Å"There’s simply no escaping the mass marketing of today’s celebrities†, says Common Sense Media’s Jim Steyer in Kids & Celebrity. _ celebrities impact the dress of adolescents in America. Teenager see icons like Beyonce, Jay Z, Rihanna, Justin Bieber, and more dressed in Coco Chanel, Marc Jacobs, Louis Vuitton’s Winter Collection and Versace, and makes them want to go out and buy these different clothing. Therefore, celebrity role models have proven to be influential teachers Media reflects society like a mirror

Film Techniques against the Theme of “Change” Essay

How are we made aware of the filmmaker’s attitude towards change? Refer to three specific episodes from the film. (excl. concl. stages)In Pleasantville, the filmmaker, Gary Ross, conveys his attitude towards change through the characters of David and Jennifer who are transported into the 1950s sitcom â€Å"Pleasantville†. He doesn’t necessarily demonstrate change to bear a positive result; rather, he addresses that change is essential to the development of society and self and that it is important to understand and accept change. Ross contrasts the ignorance and mindlessness of the unchanged people of Pleasantville with the hunger for knowledge that the changed (or coloured) people possess, communicating to the viewer that change and knowledge go hand in hand. Ross also portrays and somewhat satirises an unchanged society’s people to be ruled by their own mindlessness, and in their epiphany, translates to the viewer that change can come from within or from outside one’s self but is different for everyone. Dark overtones are used to parallel the Pleasantville to a society under fascist rule. However, in the end, change will always affect everyone and this new understanding will help to overcome the changes encountered in the future that may seek to detriment the society. The three scenes which will be discussed in relation to the filmmaker’s attitude towards change are the breakfast scene, the classroom scene, and the rain scene. The breakfast scene is the scene where Betty is piling food on other food and topping it off with maple syrup for Mary-Sue’s breakfast. The audience is overwhelmed at the ridiculous amount of food that is being placed on her plate, which is shown by extreme close-up and cuts of the shots of every time another food item is slapped onto the plate, and is accompanied by an upbeat music. The audience knows that the person under the guise of Mary-Sue is Jennifer, stereotypical of an American teenage girl, so she is naturally concerned about her weight and watches the food she eats. The scene is ironic because such a big breakfast is the exact type of meal she would be trying to avoid. The scene is also hyperbolic as even in the 1950s, it would be considered  ridiculous to eat such a variety of foods for just one morning meal. The ‘jumpy’ non-diegetic music timed with the quick shots of food being placed on the plate, and the jump-cuts showing the reactions of a horrified Jennifer when seeing all this food, assist create situational humour. The reason that all these techniques have been used to create humour is to present a sitcom-style situation. In doing this, Gary Ross satirises the mindlessness of the unchanged people and this becomes important as the storyline progresses. The breakfast scene is also a place which symbolically informs the audience of the current circumstances of Pleasantville. Betty is piling food which would normally be considered tasteful by the audience once in a while and individually: pancakes, salami, bacon and eggs. This is what could be represented in the saying: â€Å"Too much of a good thing is never good.† The incongruous mix of foods is intentionally used by the filmmaker to make the audience feel uncomfortable. It is symbolically stating that there are too many good things in Pleasantville. There is also a sense that this is the situation everyday, meaning there is no change. This can be inferred from the ease and comfort with which Betty is placing the food on Mary-Sue’s plate. It is as if she has been doing this her whole life. The final food item is the syrup being slowly poured onto all the other foods, which is shown for a longer amount of time than the other foods and with the music becoming slower, almost as if poison. This symbolises the ‘sickly sweet’ mannerism which has consumed the people of Pleasantville. Ross is effectively trying to convey the bitterness of a sickly sweet society who has never seen anything other than the norm and has never experienced any change. This suggestion can be furthered in the discussion of the film’s â€Å"black-and-white technique†. The black-and-white technique is not just important in the distinguishing of changed people from unchanged people. It was conventionally used in Noir films to represent the dark overtones of the society. It is used as a motif in Pleasantville for the majority of the beginning of Jennifer and David’s adventure (until things start to change, that is). This is especially significant with all the subtle implications  and allusions to a Nazi-style dictatorship. For example, the burning of books is reminiscent of that in 1936 when the German government burnt all books which would oppose its rule, in fear that the society it governed would think of rebelling. Big Bob is the obvious ruler, as he is almost always seen with a low shot, making him look big and powerful to the audience. Bob’s situation is similar, burning books to stop changes occurring. Books are seen as works of art which are derived from the imagination of thinking people. Bob’s censorship practices extend to the prohibition of Mr Johnson from using colours to paint (that is, from using the full extent of his imagination) in his Code of Conduct. In this way, he is much like the German government in the 30s. However, he wants to continue his rule without any violent opposition; only ‘pleasantness’. There is irony however, as there is vandalism and disruption when the Milk Bar is broken into and sabotaged because of his encouragement, which is the exact opposite of ‘pleasant’. The fact that people submitted to this way of life (where everything is sickly sweet) without opposition before (before changes were introduced) shows that they were not ruled by Bob, but really by the restrictions they placed on themselves. Bob is only used to embody the fears and restrictions and ignorance that the Pleasantville society possesses. The filmmaker is trying to convey through these situations and allusions that those who resist change are irrational and are ruled by their own ignorance. The classroom scene when the students are learning about the geography of Pleasantville encapsulates the nature of the whole Pleasantville society. The students are used to learning the same thing everyday (since they already know the answers to the questions). The mise en scene of the students’ positions is incongruous. They are high school students but have their backs straight and behaving as if they are in kindergarten. They seem very comfortable, though, but when Jennifer confronts the teacher with the question â€Å"What’s outside of Pleasantville?† they are shocked. A panning shot from the point of view of Jennifer shows the reaction of the class, and the silence adds to the tension. After the teacher assures the students that there is nothing outside of Pleasantville, and that the roads begin where  they end, a sigh of relief ripples uniformly throughout the class. This reaction illustrates how fearful the students are of change and questioning the norm, since it is unknown and unfamiliar. The fact that the students have no appetite for knowledge is related to their inexperience of change. Thus, Ross is effectually demonstrating that change and knowledge go hand in hand. Later, in the Milk Bar, when everyone is questioning David about the fire, the same students show a thirst for knowledge. The way they keep pressing David to tell them about places outside Pleasantville is contrasted to the classroom scene. Again, the technique of silence is employed, but this time in a freer atmosphere with curiosity instead of fear and with non-diegetic music which depicts a ‘cheeky’ mood. It depicts the way David is about to break the rules by allowing people to know information that he thinks they shouldn’t because it will â€Å"throw their whole universe out of whack.† In this way, Ross illustrates to the audience that change is about development rather than the results produced (whether positive or negative). The classroom scene creates an interesting contrast to the classroom scene in ‘the real world’. At school, students are assured their futures are crystal clear: both predictable and wonderful. In the real world, David and Jennifer were being constantly reminded of the negative things in the future by the teachers: â€Å"Employment will go down thirty percent in the next five years†¦Greenhouse emissions†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This gave a very bleak outlook of the future, and the zooming and simultaneous cutting of shots of different classrooms added to the feeling of impending doom. In Pleasantville however, everyone’s futures are predictably wonderful. The characters, without having developed an understanding of change, are at a loss when they find themselves feeling emotions and thinking for themselves. For instance, when Mr Johnson’s artworks are exposed, people become enraged and frightened and consequently violence occurs. This symbolises how these unchanged and undeveloped people don’t know what to do when circumstances change. Ross is trying to show the audience that it is important to develop and understand change, because it will help in the handling of future problems. The rain scene is the scene where, after the emergence of the storm, it suddenly starts raining and very important events are taking place. One of these events involve the time when David and Margaret are kissing at Lover’s Lane. When rain suddenly starts pouring, David placates everyone’s fears by going out into the rain and holds his arms up to the sky, as if embracing the weather. The scene is a cinematic homage to the film Shawshank Redemption, depicting the part after Andy Dufresne has escaped from the prison and is now a free man. It is definitely a turning point in the film Pleasantville and is seen as a revelation. The allusion is symbolic because, just like Andy Dufresne, the kids at Lover’s Lane have escaped the grey walls that once held their thoughts and are now free to think and feel emotions. The next morning they all wake up coloured (except for David). Ross here is suggesting that change sets people free, and resistance to change is resistance to thought and passion. This assertion is further developed near the end of the movie in the courtroom scene. Gary Ross assumes the voice of David to speak to the audience. Here, the technique of monologue/speech is cleverly used: â€Å"It’s all inside you†¦And you can’t stop something that’s inside of you!† Ross is saying that these people restricted themselves from thinking and feeling emotions but they have always had the potential to be different, feel passionately and think independently. He directly states that change comes from within; Jennifer and David were merely triggering the changes to happen. Ross also implies that change is different for everyone. The aftermath of the storm shows David is still in monochrome. The shot of his reflection in the lake up to him contrasts to the coloured environment. The reflection is symbolic in that it shows David’s silent desperation while searching deep within himself to find a change. Jennifer experiences a similar problem. The dialogue between her and David is important. â€Å"I’ve had like ten times as much sex as these girls and I’m still [in black and white].† David’s reply is that maybe it is not about sex. The audience later finds that Jennifer finally changes colour when she starts reading books and puts on her glasses. The symbolism of the glasses is that her perception of the world changes and hence she changes. A panning shot around her room shows the new  colour, and finally a photograph of her alter ego, Mary-Sue, is in colour, meaning she has changed. David’s physical and individual transformation is completed when he finally starts standing up for what’s right and takes actions against what’s wrong. When he punched Whitey, he took action to fight for Betty, and the audience witnessed the first drop of blood in the whole film, showing David’s furious passion. Soft music depicting a ‘revelation’ accompanies this shot, demonstrating that he has found what he was seeking: change in himself. The over-the-shoulder shot of his back and the mirror is reminiscent of the lake scene and symbolic: not only has he found himself; but he has left his other self behind him. Ross here asserts that people change for different reasons and that change inevitably affects everyone so they can have a better understanding of themselves and the world around them. In conclusion, the filmmaker Gary Ross conveys his attitude towards change through David and Jennifer and the effect of their presence on the town. He stresses that change is essential to understanding the world, but most of all, understanding and accepting ourselves. Ross uses various allusions to show the control the citizens of Pleasantville were once under, and then to show that they have broken free, and that in the end, everyone is inevitably affected by change. He employs satire to compel the audience to have a negative view of those who are resistant to change, and to take a liking to the characters who embrace change. Ross asserts that everyone must change in order to live their lives to the fullest extent. â€Å"Pleasantville† (1998) directed by Gary Ross

Health and Safety at Work

Critically review your own organisation’s Health and Safety Policy and procedures and make recommendations for improvements Organisations today widely regard their employees as their greatest assets, so it is no wonder that they are spending an increasing amount of their resources on ensuring that the workplace and work systems enable its staff to feel safe and secure; as management continues takes an active role in their wellbeing. Failure to ensure and provide a safe working environment can raise concerns in a variety of areas such as legal, financial and ethical issues. In the United Kingdom there are legislations in place designed to ensure that correct and appropriate systems of work, in regards to health and safety, exist within every organisation. Under the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (HASWA), section 2, â€Å"It shall be the duty of every employer to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health, safety and welfare at work of all his employees. † This highlights the responsibility employers have in ensuring their employees are safe of chemical, physical and machinery hazards and risks. Hazards can be defined as something that can cause adverse effects, such as water on a staircase because of the possibility of you slipping on it and hurting yourself. A risk is the likelihood that a hazard will actually cause its adverse effects, together with a measure of the effect. Risks are usually expressed as facts with a quantifiable likelihood, such as â€Å"one in a hundred†, paired with the effect and hazard, â€Å"fatal accident [effect] at work [hazard]†. Other important sections to highlight within the HASWA are section 3 â€Å"It shall be the duty of every employer†¦ so far as is reasonably practicable, that persons not in his employment who may be affected thereby are not thereby exposed to risks to their health and safety. † This underlines the responsibility employers have of ensuring members of the public and non-employees are not exposed to any risks. HASWA 1974, s7; â€Å"It shall be the duty of every employee while at work to take reas onable care for the health and safety of himself and of other persons who may be affected by his acts or omissions at work†. This states the duty every employee has in ensuring their own wellbeing within the workplace as well as their conduct in ensuring the health safety of their colleagues. HASWA s8; â€Å"No person shall intentionally or recklessly interfere with or misuse anything provided in the interests of health, safety or welfare in pursuance of any of the relevant statutory provisions. † Section 8 talks of the importance of not misusing or damaging property and equipment at work under a legal obligation. From each of these sections there are key phrases and words which can be interpreted differently and applied in various contexts. â€Å"So far as is reasonably practicable†, for example, involves weighing the risk against the time, money and trouble needed to control it. This is normally expected to be exerted to different extents within different organisations. In a small business with 5 employees it may be ‘unreasonable’ to put in place a system to prevent doors shutting abruptly due to the nature of the organisation and the cost of implementation. However if in a bigger organisation of significantly more employees (150), then the risk of getting fingers trapped in the door are increased, so this may be an issue that would need investigating and probably amended in order to comply with the act. I am going to make a risk assessment of my work place in my area of operation focusing on some of the health and safety concerns and what can or has been done to rectify the issue. My workplace is in ‘23 New Mount Street’ which is a grade 2 listed building of serviced offices. It used to be an old mill, later home to the ‘Cooperative Printing Society’, and now converted into a set of offices. My office is on the second floor for which you have to take stairs to enter the building and then an elevator up to the office space. One of the health and safety issues present at my workplace is the possibility of Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) when working on the computers. Since the introduction of technology and computing that involves the use of the keyboard and mouse there has always been the risk of RSI which can be due to posture held when working or the strain on your eyes caused by the glare of the computer screen. RSI occurs when you work for prolonged periods of time on the computer without taking breaks to stretch your muscles and rest. Currently in the organisation there are adjustable chairs to sit on when working on computers so the individual can alter the height of the chair to align themselves with the monitor screen. This also helps improves the posture of the individual. This complies with The Health And Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992 by meeting the minimum requirements for the work chair and other equipment. There is also a â€Å"RSI Awareness† notice on near the workstations to make sure they are aware of safe computer usage. If further action was to be taken then they should try and do more in ensuring that regular breaks are taken as sometimes working on computers can make you lose track of the time, â€Å"Every employer shall so plan the activities of users at work in his undertaking that their daily work on display screen equipment is periodically interrupted by such breaks or changes of activity as reduce their workload at that equipment†, The Health And Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992, s4. This is not a high-risk hazard as the users of the computers are already made aware of RSI so within this organisation spending the extra resources may not be ‘reasonably practicable’. Also this is an issue that should be enforced by the employee themselves under the HASWA 1974, s7, â€Å"take reasonable care for the health and safety of himself†; because the equipment is there for them to use it just has to be used responsibly. This can be extended further to bring in the manufacturers and designers of office equipment under HASWA , s6. 1a â€Å"It shall be the duty of any person who designs, manufactures, imports or supplies any article for use at work – to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that the article is so designed and constructed as to be safe and without risks to health when properly used† . If there wasn’t ‘safe’ article provided by the office then they would not be complying with the HASWA, s6. To extend it even further it could be applied to the manufacturers and designers to ensure that it minimises the risks to health and safety, â€Å"It shall be the duty of any person who undertakes the design or manufacture of any article for use at work to carry out or arrange for the carrying out of any necessary to research with a view to the discovery and, so far as is reasonably practicable the elimination or minimisation of any risks to health or safety to which the design or article may give rise†, HASWA s6. 2. Another key issue is concerning the nature of the office building and its use of equipment. As this building has a number of office spaces usually leased on short term basis, 6 months minimum, there is usually office furniture and equipment left in hallways and corridors to moved in or out of the building and or in and out of office spaces. This is a safety concern in that it is obstructing paths and a hazard for someone to trip over them. It is also a fire safety concern as it can be seen to be blocking paths that lead to fire exits and escape routes. This can fall under HASWA, s2. 2b, â€Å"arrangements for ensuring, so far as is reasonably practicable, safety and absence of risks to health in connection with the use, handling, storage and transport of articles and substances†. As well as that under The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005, s14. 1, â€Å"Where necessary in order to safeguard the safety of relevant persons, the responsible person must ensure that routes to emergency exits from premises and the exits themselves are kept clear at all times†. This once again puts the earnest on the employer or person responsible for Health and Safety to ensure that the premises are free of hazards that could cause injury or a potential fire exit obstruction and to make sure that necessary precautionary measures are put in place in the case of an emergency such as fire, â€Å"Every employer shall establish and where necessary give effect to appropriate procedures to be followed in the event of serious and imminent danger to persons at work in his undertaking†, The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999, s8. a. In order to comply with the legislation I think the organisation needs to make the office users aware of their responsibility in ensuring that they are not disregarding the legislation and are to be held accountable for their actions. They should also make transportation and storage of their equipment, e. g desks and chairs, in a storage room or at least out of corridors as not to obstruct the people within t he building. Health and safety at the workplace is a major issue for every organisation as it directly affects its employees in being able to work in a safe working environment. The issue of health and safety should be at the forefront of not only employers but employees as well as they can be liable, as a result of their own actions, for their own safety as well as other colleagues in the workplace and non-employees of the organisation who use the building; safety everyone’s responsibility. In the United Kingdom mostly all of the health and safety laws and legislations are governed by the phrase â€Å"so far as is reasonably practicable†, this means that every health and safety issue is a matter of relativity where the employer must assess the relative costs and benefits of any health and safety measures with time, trouble and money taken to implement it. If the costs are grossly disproportionate to the benefits then they are not obliged to amend it according to law and the phrase â€Å"so far as is reasonably practicable†. In every organisation there are issues concerning health and safety and they all differ depending on the nature of the organisation, i. e type of work, number of employees, resources etc. Within my own organisation most of the issues of Health and Safety are dealt with by the organisation in charge of the office. However within the office space I am accountable for the health and safety. To ensure health and safety is implemented effectively I believe it is necessary to educate the employees. The employees need to be aware of what they are responsible for and how they must work safely. Awareness is probably the biggest factor in ensuring good health and safety practices are implemented within the organisation. Bibliography Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 http://www. legislation. gov. uk/ukpga/1974/37/contents The Health And Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992, S4 http://www. legislation. gov. uk/uksi/1992/2792/contents/made RSI Awareness (2007). RSI Awareness. Available: http://www. rsi. org. uk/. Last accessed 24 March 2011. Health and Safety Executive. (2007). Workplace, health safety and welfare. Available: http://www. hse. gov. uk/pubns/indg244. pdf. Last accessed 23 March 2011. 23 New Mount Street. (2011). 23 New Mount Street. Available: http://www. 23newmountstreet. co. uk/index. php. Last accessed 21 March 2011. Health and Safety Executive. (2007). Fire and Explosion: Workplace safety. Available: http://www. hse. gov. uk/fireandexplosion/workplace. htm#building. Last accessed 25 March 2011. The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005, Part 2, Article 14 http://www. legislation. gov. uk/uksi/2005/1541/article/14/made The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999, S8 http://www. legislation. gov. uk/uksi/1999/3242/regulation/8/made